Spatial distribution and transport of heavy metals in soil, ponded-surface water and grass in a pb-contaminated watershed as related to land-use practices |
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Authors: | P Panichayapichet S Nitisoravut W Simachaya |
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Institution: | (1) The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand;(2) Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand;(3) Pollution Control Department, Bangkok, Thailand |
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Abstract: | The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of heavy metal in soil and evaluate the dissolution of metal
from soil to ponded-surface water, leaching through soil profiles and metal uptake in grass as related to different land-use
practices. The data provided a scientific basis for best-management practices for land use in Khli Ti watershed. The watershed
has a Pb-contamination problem from the previous operation of a Pb-ore concentrator and abandoned Zn–Pb mine. Sampling sites
were selected from a land-use map, with land-use types falling into the following four categories: forest, agricultural land,
residential area and road. Soil, ponded-surface water, grass samples and soil profiles were collected. The study related soil
characteristics from different land-use practices and locations with observed metal concentrations in ponded-surface water
and soil. High enrichment factors of Pb and As in soil were found. Partitioning coefficient, Kd values were in the order: Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd > Zn. Soil disturbance from land-use activities including tillage and traffic
increased leaching of trace metal from soils. Pb in soil was significantly taken up by grass even though the Transfer Factor,
TF values were rather low. Agricultural activities in the watershed must be limited. Moreover, land encroachments in the upper
and middle part of the watershed which have high potential of Pb must be strictly controlled in order to reduce the Pb contamination
from non-point sources. |
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Keywords: | Abandoned mine Enrichment factor Heavy metal Metal partitioning Non-point source Pb contamination Soil pollution Transfer factor |
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