A long-term monitoring study of chlorophyll,microbial contaminants,and pesticides in a coastal residential stormwater pond and its adjacent tidal creek |
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Authors: | Marie E DeLorenzo Brian Thompson Emily Cooper Janet Moore Michael H Fulton |
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Institution: | (1) College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA;(2) Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, NOAA, Charleston, SC, USA;(3) Hollings Marine Laboratory, NOAA, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA; |
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Abstract: | Stormwater ponds are commonly used in residential and commercial areas to control flooding. The accumulation of urban contaminants
in stormwater ponds can lead to water-quality problems including nutrient enrichment, chemical contamination, and bacterial
contamination. This study presents 5 years of monitoring data assessing water quality of a residential subdivision pond and
adjacent tidal creek in coastal South Carolina, USA. The stormwater pond is eutrophic, as described by elevated concentrations
of chlorophyll and phosphorus, and experiences periodic cyanobacterial blooms. A maximum monthly average chlorophyll concentration
of 318.75 μg/L was measured in the stormwater pond and 227.63 μg/L in the tidal creek. Fecal coliform bacteria (FCB) levels
were measured in both the pond and the tidal creek that exceeded health and safety standards for safe recreational use. A
maximum monthly average FCB level of 1,247 CFU/100 mL was measured in the stormwater pond and 12,850 CFU/100 mL in the tidal
creek. In addition, the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and pathogenic bacteria were detected. Low concentrations
of herbicides (atrazine and 2,4-D), a fungicide (chlorothalonil), and insecticides (pyrethroids and imidacloprid) were measured. Seasonal trends were identified,
with the winter months having the lowest concentrations of chlorophyll and FCB. Statistical differences between the stormwater
pond and the tidal creek were also noted within seasons. The tidal creek had higher FCB levels than the stormwater pond in
the spring and summer, whereas the stormwater pond had higher chlorophyll levels than the tidal creek in the summer and fall
seasons. Chlorophyll and FCB levels in the stormwater pond were significantly correlated with monthly average temperature
and total rainfall. Pesticide concentrations were also significantly correlated with temperature and rainfall. Pesticide concentrations
in the stormwater pond were significantly correlated with pesticide concentrations in the adjacent tidal creek. Chlorophyll
and FCB levels in the tidal creek, however, were not significantly correlated with levels in the pond. While stormwater ponds
are beneficial in controlling flooding, they may pose environmental and human health risks due to biological and chemical
contamination. Management to reduce residential runoff may improve water quality in coastal stormwater ponds and their adjacent
estuarine ecosystems. |
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