建筑物火灾时人员的认知水平对疏散心理和行为影响研究

在建筑物火灾中,个体行为因人员的个体特征、认知水平、社会特质、面临不同危险局面等因素的不同会呈现出极大的差异性。因此,在建筑物火灾中,人员应急疏散策略和方案在充分考虑紧急情况下外界环境因素的同时,还必须综合考虑处于火灾等紧急情况下的人员心理和行为特征。本研究是在大量调查问卷获得的数据和资料的基础上,基于一定的数学模型,利用相应的统计分析方法,主要讨论体现人员认知水平的文化程度、消防知识与经验二个因素对疏散心理和行为的影响特点。研究结果将充实我国人员疏散心理和行为反应数据库,为建筑防火性能化设计和人员消防培训提供基础数据和指导。

Study on effect of people's cognitive level on evacuation psychology and behavior in building fire

In building fire,individual behavior will have great differences due to different factors such as people＇s individual characteristic,cognitive level,social characteristic,and different dangerous situation,etc. Therefore,in building fire,external environment in emergency situation must be considered fully in people＇s emergency evacuation policy and plan,meanwhile,people＇s psychological and behavioral characteristics in such emergency situation as fire must be considered fully. Based on data acquired by many questionnaires and a certain mathematical model,and taking advantage of corresponding statistic and analytic method,the study mainly focuses on effect of such two factors as people＇s cultural competence and firefighting knowledge and experience on evacuation psychology and behavior. Study result will enrich our database of people＇s evacuation psychology and behavior reaction,which will provide basic data and direction for building firefighting performance design and people＇s firefighting training.