通风对微小型密闭好氧堆肥过程的影响

为探究适于未来星球基地长期载人航天任务应用的微小型密闭好氧堆肥装置的运行条件，以小麦秸秆和模拟粪便的混合物为实验材料，开展了4种通风速率对堆肥过程的影响研究。结果表明，0.025、0.050、0.075和0.100 m³·(m³·min)⁻¹处理组高温期分别维持了125、125、43和24 h，0.050 m³·(m³·min)⁻¹的O₂消耗速率和CO₂产率为4个处理组最大。CH₄和N₂O主要产生于堆肥初期，累积排放量以0.100 m³·(m³·min)⁻¹处理组的最高，分别为296.50和169.16 mg·kg⁻¹。从堆体氨氮指标测试结果来看，0.050 m³·(m³·min)⁻¹处理组含量最高，其保氮效果最好。4个处理组的GI分别为64.09%、97.26%、72.95%和66.07%。综合各种指标分析认为，适于未来星球基地任务应用的微小型密闭好氧堆肥装置通风速率可以设置为0.050 m³·(m³·min)⁻¹，该通风速率既能确保堆肥过程中微生物对氧气的需求，又能减少热量的损失，产生的污染气体量相对较少，所得的堆肥产品质量最佳。

Effects of ventilation on miniature and closed aerobic composting process

In this study, the operating conditions of miniature closed aerobic composting device suitable for long-term manned space mission in the future planet base were explored. The effects of four ventilation rates on composting process were investigated by taking the mixture of wheat straw and simulated human excrement as the experimental materials. The results showed that the high temperature periods of 0.025, 0.050, 0.075 and 0.100 m3·(m3·min)−1 were maintained for 125, 125, 43 and 24 hours, respectively. CH4 and N2O were mainly produced in the initial stage of composting, and the cumulative emissions of 0.100 m3·(m3·min)−1 treatment group were the highest, which were 296.50 and 169.16 mg·kg−1 respectively. The test results of ammonium nitrogen of the pile revealed that, the treatment group with 0.050 m3·(m3·min)−1 had the highest content and the best effect of nitrogen retention. The GI of the four groups were 64.09%, 97.26%, 72.95% and 66.07% respectively. Based on the comprehensive analysis of various indicators, it was concluded that the ventilation rate of the miniature closed aerobic composting device suitable for the future mission of Star Base should be set to 0.050 m3·(m3·min)−1. That ventilation rate can not only ensure the oxygen demand of microorganisms in the composting process, but also reduce the heat loss, resulting less pollution gas, and the best-quality composts.