人工河流沉积物中磷的分布特征及其形态研究：以肇兰新河为例

以黑龙江省肇兰新河流域为研究对象，在调查区域水质和沉积物基本理化性质的基础上，采用SMT化学提取方法分析流域内表层、柱状沉积物中磷形态及含量，明确了人工河流沉积物各形态磷的空间分布特征。结合上覆水与沉积物理化性质，探讨了影响人工河流沉积物磷形态及释放因素。结果表明，肇兰新河流域内水体TP均值为2.61 mg·L⁻¹，属于劣V类水体。沉积物的TP为692.91~2 197.87 mg·kg⁻¹，整体处于中度污染水平。沉积物中Fe/Al-P含量占比较高。通过相关性分析发现，上覆水中ORP是影响OP、Fe/Al-P迁移的重要环境因子，沉积物中TC、OM、Fe含量是影响OP含量的重要因素。作为一条典型人工河流，肇兰新河流域磷污染负荷严重，相比自然河流形态结构单一，缓冲能力和纳污能力较弱。本研究可为了解人工河流沉积物磷形态及其含量，并进行流域污染防控提供参考。

Phosphorus distribution characteristics and forms in sediments of typical artificial rivers: A case study of the Zhaolan New River

The research applied SMT chemical extraction method to analysis the forms and contents of phosphorus that is in the surface and column sediments. Moreover, the spatial distribution characteristics of phosphorus in artificial river sediments were further clarified. Before this, water quality and basic physicochemical properties of sediments in the Zhaolan New River Basin which located in Heilongjiang Province were investigated. Combined with the physical and chemical properties of overlying water and sediments, this paper discussed the factors that influenced the phosphorus forms and release in artificial rivers sediments. The results showed that the average TP content in Zhaolan New River Basin was 2.61mg·L−1, belonging to the inferior V water body. The sediment in all basin was a moderate level of pollution, which the total phosphorus content ranged from 692.1 to 2197.87mg·kg−1. The content of Fe/Al-P in sediments is relatively high. The correlation analysis shows that the migration of OP and Fe/Al-P were extremely affected by the water body ORP. OM and Fe in sediment is an important factor affecting OP content. On the whole, as a special artificial river, the phosphorus pollution load of Zhaolan Xin River basin is serious. Compared to nature rivers, artificial river has single shape and structure, buffer and pollution capacity are relatively weaker. This study can provide reference for understanding of phosphorus the form and content in artificial river sediments, and provide data support for artificial river management.