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Meta-analysis of foraging and predation risk trade-offs in terrestrial systems
Authors:Jennifer L Verdolin
Institution:(1) Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, 650 Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook, NY, USA
Abstract:Although there is ample evidence for the generality of foraging and predation trade-offs in aquatic systems, its application to terrestrial systems is less comprehensive. In this review, meta-analysis was used to analyze experiments on giving-up-densities in terrestrial systems to evaluate the overall magnitude of predation risk on foraging behavior and experimental conditions mediating its effect. Results indicate a large and significant decrease in foraging effort as a consequence of increased predation risk. Whether experiments were conducted under natural or artificial conditions produced no change in the overall effect predation had on foraging. Odor and live predators as a correlate of predation risk had weaker and nonsignificant effects compared to habitat characteristics. The meta-analysis suggests that the effect of predation risk on foraging behavior in terrestrial systems is strongly dependent on the type of predation risk being utilized.
Keywords:Giving-up densities  Predation  Predation risk  Foraging  Optimal foraging  Trade-offs  Meta-analysis
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