黄土丘陵沟壑区农村特色生态经济模式探讨——以陕西绥德县为例

黄土丘陵沟壑区是我国北方生态脆弱、产业单一、广种薄收、乡村贫困的特殊问题区域。“越穷越垦、越垦越穷”的土地利用方式成为统筹人与自然和谐发展的关键“瓶颈”。论文运用农业地理学和生态经济学原理,以绥德县为典型案例区,进行了农村经济社会发展主要的限制因素剖析。认为该区土地资源利用必须正确处理宏观与微观效益的关系,加强水土保持、生态建设与脱贫解困目标的有机结合。依据研究区地形地貌特点与水土流失规律,重视旱作农业与节水灌溉技术、示范推广造林实用技术、水保型生态农业技术的创新与应用,大力发展柠条防护林产业化、水保型立体农业、生态资源开发增效等典型农村特色生态经济模式。

Study on the Pattern of Rural Distinctive Eco-economy Based on Land Resources: A Case Study of Suide County in Loess Hilly Areas

Based on the theory of regional human-land system in hilly & gully areas of the Loess Plateau,this paper analyzed the characteristic of agricultural resources and current status of social and economic development of Suide county in northern Shaanxi province,a typical case in Loess Plateau,and elucidated the interactive nature between explorations in ecological resources to aim at eco-environmental construction and the rural economic development.Results indicated that the factors restricting agricultural sustainable development in this study area are as follows:vulnerable ecological environment,serious soil and water erosion,shortage of water resources,poor economic condition,etc.Then based on the analysis of realistic social and environmental conditions,this paper discussed the effective ways to utilize ecological resources and develop eco-economy of Suide county in hilly & gully areas of the Loess Plateau.Driven by the western great development strategies during 2000-2004,the forest and orchard land in the study area increased by 7 178.5ha and 7 097.7ha,respectively.Furthermore,according to the characteristics of topography and rules of water and soil erosion,the typical optimal utilization technologies of land resources such as dry farming and saving irrigation technology,demonstration and popularization of tree planting practical technology,ecoagriculture for water protection technology,had been put forward.Finally,in order to guide the development of rural economy for building socialist new countryside in new stages,this paper also put forward three typical rural ecological economic patterns including Caragana korshinskii(Ningtiao) shelter industrialization model,three-dimensional soil and water protection agricultural model,and ecological resources development model in small watershed scale.