Systematic incorporation of inherent safety in hazardous chemicals supply chain optimization |
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Institution: | 1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China;2. Wanhua Chemical Group Co., Ltd, No.59 Chongqing Rd., YEDA, Yantai, Shandong, China;3. College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China;4. Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan;5. Department of Public Health, California State University, Sacramento, CA, 95819, USA |
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Abstract: | Increasing globalization has made many chemical supply chains large, interdependent and complex. Process incidents often affect the reliability of a supply chain and can cause large disruptions at different segments of the industry. We propose an optimization-based framework that systematically takes into account the trade-offs between process safety and supply chain economics for decision-making. We quantify the hazard at various supply chain echelons in the form of a safety index that takes both fire and toxic hazards into account. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP)-based model is developed to either maximize profit for specified hazard limits, or to minimize hazard in a supply chain with multiple production plants, technological options, warehouses and distribution nodes. The MINLP model is used to generate trade-off optimal solutions for various toxic and fire hazard limits. The framework is demonstrated by applying it to an end-to-end ammonia supply chain case study which resulted in several non-intuitive observations regarding hazardous supply chain design and optimization. |
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Keywords: | Process safety index Supply chain network optimization Hazard MINLP |
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