The state of ambient air quality in Pakistan—a review |
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Authors: | Ian Colbeck Zaheer Ahmad Nasir Zulfiqar Ali |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK;(2) Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan |
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Abstract: | Background and purpose Pakistan, during the last decade, has seen an extensive escalation in population growth, urbanization, and industrialization,
together with a great increase in motorization and energy use. As a result, a substantial rise has taken place in the types
and number of emission sources of various air pollutants. However, due to the lack of air quality management capabilities,
the country is suffering from deterioration of air quality. Evidence from various governmental organizations and international
bodies has indicated that air pollution is a significant risk to the environment, quality of life, and health of the population.
The Government has taken positive steps toward air quality management in the form of the Pakistan Clean Air Program and has
recently established a small number of continuous monitoring stations. However, ambient air quality standards have not yet
been established. This paper reviews the data being available on the criteria air pollutants: particulate matter (PM), sulfur
dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and lead. |
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