重庆市居民重金属膳食摄入水平研究

为了解重庆市居民砷、镉、汞的膳食摄入水平,采用分层多级整群随机抽样方法,经城乡经济排序,并按公共营养学要求,选取重庆市1213户居民为调查对象,应用中国总膳食研究方法,采集了当地12类主要食物样品,采用原子吸收分光光度法(AAS)和冷原子吸收分光光度法(CVAAS)测定了砷、镉、汞的含量,并运用FAO/WHO推荐的ADI值/PTWI值评价了居民膳食摄入的健康风险.结果显示,1)蛋类砷含量为允许限量的3.0倍;水果类镉含量为允许限量的2.4倍,汞含量为允许限量的4.0倍;2)各年龄组对砷、汞的膳食摄入量均低于ADI值,对镉的摄入量则大大超过ADI值.谷类和水果是各年龄组人群摄入砷、镉的主要膳食来源,水果类是汞的主要膳食来源;3)农村居民摄入的3种重金属含量均低于城镇居民,城乡居民对砷、汞的摄入量在允许限量ADI值的范围内,但通过食物摄入的镉含量超过了允许限量ADI值,达到ADI值的121%.

Investigation on Dietary Intake of Heavy Metals Intaken by Inhabitants in Chongqing

In order to estimate the dietary intake of arsenic (As)、cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) by inhabitants in Chongqing, China, 1213 households were chosen for the investigation with the stratified, multistage, cluster, random sampling methods based on the city development level and community nutrition requirement. A total of 12 food groups were sampled using the total dietary study method. As、Cd and Hg levels were measured by AAS and CVAAS. For an assessment of health risks of the dietary intake, the results have been compared with ADI/PTWI standard values established by FAO/WHO. Results indicated that: 1) The content of As in eggs was 3.0 times as the maximum level of contaminants in foods. The content of Cd in fruits was 2.4 times as the maximum level of contaminants in foods. Hg in fruits was 4.0 times as the maximum level. 2) Dietary intakes of As and Hg by inhabitants in Chongqing were below the ADI, whereas Cd was far beyond the ADI. For As and Cd, corn and fruits were the groups showing the highest contribution to dietary intake. Whereas For Hg, fruits were the groups showing the highest contribution to dietary intake. 3) For all analyzed dietary intake of elements, rural inhabitants were lower than urban inhabitants. The dietary intake levels of As and Hg by local inhabitants were lower than corresponding ADI standard values, but for Cd, the dietary intakes exceeded their ADI standard values, which was 121% of ADI standard value.