Urban soil-lead (Pb) footprint: retrospective comparison of public and private properties in New Orleans |
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Authors: | Howard W Mielke Christopher Gonzales Eric Powell Jr" target="_blank">Paul W MielkeJr |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA;(2) Center for Bioenvironmental Research, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL-3, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;(3) College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA;(4) Lead Lab, Inc., New Orleans, LA 70179-1125, USA;(5) Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA |
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Abstract: | Lead (Pb) is a toxin that after childhood exposure poses a lifetime of health risks. One route of exposure is soil-Pb as a
result of ∼12 million metric tons of Pb residue in paint and gasoline sold in the US during the 20th Century. Pb accumulated
in soil of the community is a good predictor for blood Pb of children living there. This retrospective study compares the
soil-Pb on Housing Authority of New Orleans (HANO) properties with adjacent private residential (RES) properties within a
0.8 km (0.5 mile) radius. The sample subset (n = 951) is from two soil-Pb surveys (total n = 9,493) conducted between 1989 and 2000. The properties were in both the inner city (CORE) and outlying (OUTER) communities.
The data were analyzed using multi-response permutation procedures (MRPP). The soil-Pb results differ significantly (P-value < 0.001) on same-aged HANO properties at different locations; thus, year of construction does not give adequate explanation
for the soil-Pb differences. HANO and RES soils are significantly more Pb contaminated in the CORE than in OUTER communities
(P-value < 0.001). The CORE has many more years of traffic congestion than OUTER communities; therefore, the lead additives
to gasoline, and not lead-based paint, best elucidate the differences of the soil-Pb footprint at HANO and RES properties
in the CORE and OUTER communites. Currently HANO properties are being redeveloped with cleaner soil, but soil on RES properties
in the CORE of New Orleans remains a large source of Pb (median = 707 mg/kg in this study) for human exposure, especially
children. |
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Keywords: | Urban geochemistry Built environment MRPP statistics Environmental health disparities |
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