廊道与源地协调的国土空间生态安全格局构建

构建生态联系紧密且生态干扰更小的生态安全格局,是平衡国土空间规划中生态保护与经济社会发展的重要手段。在国土空间中,为形成廊道与源地的协调与保护兼顾的生态安全格局,以环洞庭湖区域33个县（区）为例,针对核心生态源地与自然廊道、经济社会源地与人工廊道分别形成的生态格局、城镇格局,揭示两者之间生态关键点及生态干扰点的分布特征,并差异化应对。结果表明：（1）为促进生态要素的空间联系,1537条生态廊道应纳入生态安全格局中,908处生态关键点需要保护,而0.48%的经济社会源地面积应退让给自然廊道。（2）受干扰的核心生态源地面积占比和自然廊道长度占比分别为1.36%、12.95%,8800处生态干扰点可采取缓冲、预警等主要应对策略,以协同发展自然—人工系统。（3）为满足生态保护用地应持续增加的需求,非核心生态源地内,面积分别为203.22 km²、125.67 km²、35.59 km²的一、二、三级自然廊道可分批作为生态安全格局未来发展的储备用地。研究结果可为协调国土空间规划体系中生态用地与城镇建设用地提供参考。

Construction of ecological security pattern based on coordination between corridors and sources in national territorial space

Constructing an ecological security pattern with closer ecological connections and less ecological disturbance is an important way to make contributions to the balance between ecological protection and economic development in national territorial planning. This paper aims to establish an ecological security pattern, which should take into account the coordination and protection of sources and corridors in the ecological system in an integrated manner. Taking 33 counties (districts) around Dongting Lake as examples, it puts forward the ecological pattern formed by the ecological essential source areas and natural corridors, and the urbanization pattern formed by economic society source areas and artificial corridors. Then, we reveal the spatial characteristics of the ecological positive points and ecological disturbing points between the ecological pattern and urbanization pattern, and offer artificial and natural countermeasures for the problems in particular areas of the ecological environment. The main conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) There should be 1537 identified ecological corridors in the ecological security pattern and 908 key points urged to be protected, which takes up 0.48% of economic society areas for returning to the ecological core source area, so as to promote the spatial relationship between ecological elements; (2) There are 8800 ecological disturbing points, 1.36% of ecological essential source areas and 12.95% of the length of natural corridors are in disturbance. In order to collaboratively develop the natural and artificial systems, the interference areas should be managed by means of creating buffers, establishing an early-warning system, and so on; (3) Natural corridors of the first to third levels in non-essential patches can be measured as 203.22 km², 125.67 km² and 35.59 km², respectively, which can be defined as protected area of future ecological security pattern separately to meet a continuous increasing demand for ecological protection land. The results can provide a reference for the coordination of ecological land and urban construction land in the national territorial planning system.