旅游地农户生计资本评估与生计策略选择——以海螺沟景区为例

旅游地可持续发展需要重点关注当地居民生计的可持续。以海螺沟景区为案例地,基于可持续生计框架构建了适用的生计资本评估指标体系,量化识别了景区农户可持续的生计方式,明确了影响两类脆弱性农户生计策略选择的主要因素。结果表明：在研究区六种生计方式中,采用均衡兼收型和旅游主营型策略的农户其生计资本水平最高,而传统务农型和务工型农户生计资本水平最低。不同生计策略类型的农户在空间上集聚分布。缺乏金融资本是影响传统务农型和务工型农户选择均衡兼收型生计策略的主要因素,而物质资本和社会资本的缺乏则对他们选择旅游主营型生计策略有显著的影响。此外,海拔、距公路和核心景点的距离也对农户生计策略的选择有重要影响。

The evaluation of households' livelihood capital and their livelihood strategies in the tourist area: A case study in Hailuogou Scenic Area

Sustainable development of tourist destinations needs to focus on the sustainable livelihood of local residents. Based on the theory of sustainable livelihood, this paper takes Hailuogou Scenic Area as an example to analyze the livelihood capital, spatial distribution characteristics of local households and the main factors affecting the traditional and labor-oriented households' livelihood strategies. Firstly, through the household surveys and interviews, farmers in Hailuogou scenic spot are divided into six types according to their income sources and the direction of their main labor input. Secondly, according to the framework of livelihood capital evaluation and index weight, the sustainable livelihood conditions of local households are quantitatively analyzed. Then, with the multiple logistic regression model, the study identifies the main factors that affect the households' choice of high-level livelihood strategies and reveals the spatial distribution characteristics of different types of households. The results show that among the six livelihood strategies chosen by rural households in Hailuogou Scenic Area, balanced-income and tourism-oriented households have the highest level of sustainable livelihood. On the contrary, traditional and labor-oriented households, who are facing many livelihood risks, have the lowest level of livelihood capital. Besides, local households with different livelihood strategies are clustered and distributed spatially. Financial capital is the significant factor affecting the traditional and labor-oriented households' choice of balanced-income strategy, while material capital and social capital have a significant positive effect on the two types of low-level livelihood farmers' choice of tourism-oriented livelihood strategy. In addition, the elevation of rural residential areas, the distance from tourist attractions and roads also have an important impact on farmers' choice of strategies, which means that the lower the elevation of the residential area, the more likely the farmers will choose the balanced-income and tourism-oriented strategies. Similarly, the closer to the core tourist attractions and highways, the more likely local households are to choose two kinds of high-level livelihood strategies.