我国地下水环境抗生素赋存现状及风险评价

通过对近10年已有研究成果的整合，梳理我国主要城市地下水环境中抗生素的赋存现状，并采用风险熵值法对典型抗生素的生态风险和健康风险进行评价。结果表明：1)在我国主要城市地下水中，已经检测出7类57种类型的抗生素，以磺胺类、喹诺酮类为主，种类多且累积浓度高，其次是大环内酯类和四环素类；2)地下水环境中，具有较高生态风险的抗生素为磺胺甲基异噁唑、磺胺噻唑和林可霉素。喹诺酮类、磺胺类和四环素类是城市地下水生态风险较高且威胁贡献比例最大的3类抗生素，北方城市地下水抗生素联合风险整体高于南方城市；3)由地下水环境抗生素对人体健康风险熵值计算结果可知，目前仍未通过饮用水对人体健康产生直接的健康风险。

OCCURRENCE AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF ANTIBIOTICS IN GROUNDWATER ENVIRONMENT IN CHINA

Occurrence of antibiotics in groundwater environment of major cities in China was explored based on the integration of the research results in recent 10 years, and the ecological risks and health risks of typical antibiotics were evaluated based on risk quotient method. The results showed that:1)in groundwater of major cities in China, a total of 57 types of antibiotics belonging to 7 categories were detected. Sulfa and quinolones were the main pollutants, with the most types in high cumulative concentration, followed by macrolides and tetracycline; 2) sulfamethoxazole, sulfathiazole and clindamycin had high ecological risk in groundwater environment. The combined ecological risk of groundwater antibiotics in northern cities was higher than that in southern cities, in which quinolone, sulfa and tetracycline were the three categories of antibiotics with high ecological risk rates and in the largest proportion contributing to the urban groundwater ecological risk;3) in the present, the investigated antibiotics did not appear to pose direct human health risk through drinking water based on health risk quotient method.