微生物降解石油烃的代谢机制及研究进展

石油烃类污染物是复杂的有机化合物,对生态环境和公众健康具有较大危害。目前微生物技术已成为修复石油烃污染环境的主要方法,微生物可利用目标污染物作为碳源,通过一系列的酶催化对其进行代谢降解。研究了微生物降解石油烃的代谢机制,可通过合理设计降解途径中关键步骤的酶,降低限制因素对石油烃微生物降解的影响,提高限速步骤的反应速度,从而提高对石油烃的降解率,以更好地应用于石油烃污染场地的修复。通过梳理总结石油烃的主要组成和结构、代谢途径、功能基因和关键酶种类,以及组学和合成生物学技术在石油烃降解代谢机制研究中的应用现状,为进一步优化提升微生物修复技术在石油烃污染领域的应用前景提供参考。

METABOLIC MECHANISM OF MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS AND ITS RESEARCH PROGRESS

Petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants are complex organic compounds, and it would cause great risk to the ecological environment and public health. Currently, microbial technology becomes a popular remediation technology for petroleum hydrocarbon contaminations. Microorganisms use the pollutants as a carbon source and metabolize and degrade it through a series of enzymatic catalysis. For increasing the application of microbial remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution, the method of rational design of enzymes at key steps can be used to increase the microbial degradation rates of petroleum hydrocarbons. This review summarizes the main components and structures of petroleum hydrocarbons, metabolic pathways, functional genes and key enzyme types, as well as the application status of omics and synthetic biology technologies in the research of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation and metabolism mechanism, providing a reference for further improving the application prospects of microbial remediation technology in the field of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution.