基于中国人群暴露特征的污染物职业接触与环境空气浓度限值转换系数研究

污染物职业接触与环境空气浓度限值之间的转换系数是制定保护公众健康的有毒有害污染物环境空气浓度限值的重要参数. 本研究运用等效健康风险评估法，构建了基于中国人群暴露特征的污染物职业接触与环境空气浓度限值之间的转换系数推导模型，分别计算了我国居民不同性别、年龄、区域、工龄等条件下的转换系数，并检验了影响转换系数的敏感性因素. 结果表明:①我国人群(包括儿童)的转换系数在0.000 9~0.002 6之间，平均值为0.002 1，与蒙特卡洛模拟值(平均值为0.002 3，中位数为0.002 2)相近，但低于美国和欧盟的转换系数(美国、欧盟分别为0.002 4、0.002 7). ②我国男性居民的转换系数普遍高于女性，且城市和农村居民之间不存在显著性差异；敏感人群(6岁以下儿童)转换系数接近成年人的50%，其中1岁以内儿童转换系数低至0.000 9. 我国不同省份成人的转换系数存在显著差异(P<0.05)，其中，上海市(0.001 9)最低，西藏自治区(0.002 3)最高. ③敏感性检验发现，体质量、呼吸量等暴露参数对转换系数影响较大. 研究显示，基于中国人群暴露特征的转换系数可以指导我国科学、准确、合理、高效地制定出环境空气中有毒有害污染物浓度限值. 

Transformation Coefficient between Occupational Exposure Limits and Ambient Air Pollutant Limits Based on the Exposure Characteristics of Chinese Population

The transformation coefficient (TC) between occupational exposure limits (OELs) and ambient air pollutant limits is an important parameter for setting the limits of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) to protect public health. In this study, an equivalent health risk assessment method was used to establish a TC derivation model for OELs and ambient air pollutants limits based on the exposure characteristics of Chinese population. The TC values under different conditions such as gender, age, region and working age were calculated and the sensitive factors affecting the TC values were also tested. The results indicated that the TC values of Chinese population including children ranged from 0.0009 to 0.0026, and the overall mean value was 0.0021, which was closed to the Monte Carlo simulation values (mean value was 0.0023, median value was 0.0022), but lower than the TC values of the United States and the European Union (0.0024, 0.0027). The TC value of males was generally higher than that of females, and there was no significant difference between urban and rural residents. The TC values of sensitive people (children under 6 years old) were closed to 50% of adults, and as low as 0.0009 for children under 1 year old. There were significant differences in TC values of adults in different provinces (P<0.05), among which Shanghai was the lowest (0.0019) and Tibet Autonomous Region was the highest (0.0023). In addition, the sensitivity test results showed that exposure parameters such as body weight and inhalation rates had a great influence on the TC values. The above research shows that TC based on the exposure characteristics of Chinese population can help to formulate limits of HAPs scientifically, accurately, reasonably and efficiently.