中国居民能源价格扭曲的家庭消费效应

以电力能源为研究对象,选取2014—2018年中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）与能源价格扭曲指标的匹配数据,从微观家庭层面经验考察了居民能源价格扭曲对家庭消费的影响及其作用机制。结果表明：（1）普遍存在负向扭曲的居民电力价格提升了居民家庭消费水平,特别是增加了居民家庭的电能、食品、衣着鞋帽、设备及日用品、交通通信、文教娱乐及其他分项消费支出。（2）居民能源价格扭曲通过收入效应与互补效应影响居民家庭消费水平及其结构。（3）居民能源价格扭曲的家庭消费效应在城乡家庭之间、城乡各收入组家庭之间存在异质性。居民能源价格扭曲对农村家庭消费水平的促进作用比城镇家庭更大,同时,居民能源价格扭曲对城乡家庭消费的促进作用都体现在提高各自高收入组家庭消费。这些结论可为推进能源市场化改革并建立公平与效率兼容的能源价格机制提供决策参考。

The effects of residential energy price distortions on household consumption in China

Taking electric power as the research object, this paper selects the matching data of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) and energy price distortion index from 2014 to 2018 to explore the impact of residential energy price distortion on household consumption and its mechanism from the micro household level. The results show that: (1) There are generally negative distortions in residential electricity prices, which is conducive to promoting the improvement of household consumption level, especially the consumption of household electricity, food, clothing, equipment and daily necessities, transportation and communication, cultural and entertainment and others. (2) Residential energy price distortion affects household consumption level and consumption structure through income effect and complementary effect. (3) The impact of energy price distortion on household consumption is heterogeneous between urban and rural families and between families with different incomes. Residential energy price distortion has a greater effect on rural households' consumption than on urban households', and the promotion effect of residential energy price distortion on urban and rural household consumption is reflected in increasing the household consumption of their high-income groups. These conclusions provide decision-making reference for advancing energy market-oriented reform and establishing a fair and efficient energy price mechanism.