基于图像法的食品浪费监测和调查方法——以北京典型食堂为例

食品浪费监测和调查是《中华人民共和国反食品浪费法》实施的重要内容与关键环节。本文依据《反食品浪费法》的原则和要求,从科学性和实用性出发,探索提出“图像法”以推动食品浪费监测、调查、分析和评估工作的有序开展。本文以北京典型食堂食品浪费情况作为主要研究对象,运用图像法开展实证研究,并利用称重法进行对比验证。研究表明：基于图像法所获得的北京典型食堂人均食品浪费指数为0.64,比称重法所得结果低了0.02;基于图像法所获得的人均食品浪费量为58.62 g/(人·餐),比称重法所得结果高出了4.28%;两种方法所得的人均食品浪费指数存在显著的相关关系（皮尔逊相关系数r =0.76,p<0.01）,且有很好的一致性（CCC=0.757,p<0.01）,表明图像法可以有效评估典型食堂的食品浪费程度;利用图像法开展食品浪费监测和调查时,结合餐厨垃圾量能更好地反映实际情况。本文探索了一个科学、便捷的食品浪费监测和调查方法,以期为《反食品浪费法》的全面推进提供科技支撑。

Quantifying food waste from photos: Taking Beijing typical cafeterias as an example

The Anti-food Waste Law of the People's Republic of China was issued and came into force on April 29, 2021. Monitoring and evaluation of food waste is the major part and the important basis for the implementation of the Law. Based on the principles and requirements of the Anti-food Waste Law, this study proposes a new quantification method from photos for food waste, and tests the validity and the feasibility based on 656 observations from four typical cafeterias in Beijing. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) Based on the image method, the food waste index in the typical cafeterias was 0.64, 0.02 lower than that obtained by weight method, and the average plate waste generated by consumers in the typical cafeterias was 58.62 g/cap/meal in 2021, which was 2.40 g/cap/meal higher than that obtained by the weight method. (2) There is a significant correlation between the food waste rate obtained by the image method and that obtained by the weight method (Pearson cor=0.76, p<0.01), and the agreement between two sets of measurements has a good consistency (CCC=0.757, p<0.01), which confirmed the validity and the feasibility of the image method. (3) When using the image method to carry out monitoring and evaluation, we find that the results that include kitchen waste weight data are more reliable. This study explores a scientific, reliable, simple and feasible quantitative monitoring and evaluation method of food waste, and provides effective scientific and technological support for the enforcement of Anti-food Waste Law.