中国人群暴露参数研究进展

暴露参数作为描述人体暴露在环境介质中特征和行为的重要参数和量化指标，其准确性决定了环境健康风险评估结果的准确性，暴露参数本土化是我国环境健康风险评估的重要工作之一. 本文介绍了人体在呼吸、摄入和皮肤暴露途径下的暴露参数以及各国和地区暴露参数手册收录情况，提出目前尚未收录的生物可给性亦是重要的暴露参数. 对比分析了暴露参数的主要研究方法及其优缺点，重点比较呼吸速率、土壤/尘摄入量、皮肤黏附系数、皮肤渗透系数等参数的研究方法与适用条件，推荐适宜本土化的研究方法. 对近20年中国暴露参数论文进行文献计量分析发现，中国暴露参数论文发文量与政策导向密切相关，2012年和2018年是相关研究成果发表的高峰期. 通过分析现行的中国人群暴露参数手册在全面性、代表性和时效性上存在的不足，建议“十四五”期间开展精细化暴露研究，充分收录国内最新研究成果，对暴露参数手册进行更新和完善，加强暴露参数相关基础科学的研究工作，建立制定相关标准、规范和指南，为我国人群本土化暴露参数研究和应用提供参考. 

Research Progress in Environmental Exposure Factors of Chinese Population

Exposure factors are important parameters and quantitative indicators of human behaviour characteristics under various environmental exposures. The accuracy of exposure factors determines the accuracy of environmental health risk assessment results. The localization of exposure factors is one of the important development directions of environmental health risk assessment in China. In this review, the exposure factors under breathing, ingestion, and skin exposure pathways were introduced, and exposure factor handbooks in different countries were reviewed. The advantages, disadvantages and applicability of the main research methods of exposure factors were compared and analyzed. Based on the bibliometric analysis of papers on Chinese exposure factors in the past 20 years, the research and development direction of exposure factors in China was prospected. From the review, bioaccessibility is also the important exposure factors. The advantages, disadvantages and applicability of different research methods of inhalation rate, soil/dust ingestion rate, skin adhesion coefficient and the skin permeability were pointed out. The shortcomings in comprehensiveness, representativeness and timeliness of exposure factors handbook of Chinese population were pointed out and some suggestions for improvement were put forward. Bibliometric analysis shows that the number of articles published on exposure factors in China was closely related to policy orientation. 2012 and 2018 were the peak years for the publication of relevant research results. Refined exposure study during the ‘14th Five-Year Plan’ period is recommended. Fully absorbing the existing domestic research achievements to update and improve exposure factors handbook of Chinese population, strengthening exposure factors related to basic science research work, and establishing the relevant standards, rules and guidelines will provide reference for the study and application of population localization exposure factors in China.