分层湖库温跃层溶解氧极值现象研究进展

分层湖库温跃层溶解氧(DO)极值现象包括温跃层DO极小(metalimnetic oxygen minimum, MOM)和温跃层DO极大(metalimnetic oxygen maximum)两类. 本文通过系统调研国内外文献，详细梳理了两类极值现象的研究历程、形成原因、研究方法，及其对生态环境造成的影响，比较分析了两类极值现象的异同. 结果表明:①成因方面. MOM的主要成因为浮游生物呼吸耗氧、有机物分解耗氧、边坡沉积物耗氧、DO垂向输移等自然因素，以及温跃层或温跃层下部取水、混合层或滞温层人工增氧等人为因素；温跃层DO极大现象的主要成因为浮游植物的生物作用. ②研究方法方面. 两类现象的研究方法主要为试验方法和模型方法. ③对生态环境的影响方面. MOM会降低捕食者的捕食效率、阻碍水生生物垂向迁移、改变温室气体的垂向分布和释放过程等；温跃层DO极大现象会导致鱼类等水生动物患气泡病甚至死亡. 基于当前研究进展，认为未来研究方法上应强化三维水动力-生物地球化学耦合数学模型的应用，研究内容上应进一步从多维度(垂向和水平)研究分层湖库DO的动力学过程，探究气候变化、极端天气、复合型极端气候事件对DO分层结构变化的影响. 

A Review of Metalimnetic Oxygen Maximum and Minimum in Stratified Lakes and Reservoirs

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in stratified reservoirs and lakes includes two categories namely, metalimnetic oxygen minimum (MOM) and metalimnetic oxygen maximum. In this study, a systematic review of domestic and foreign literature on the metalimnetic oxygen maximum and minimum in stratified lakes and reservoirs was carry out with focus on formation causes, research methods, and ecological impacts and the similarities and differences were compared and analyzed. In terms of causes: the formation of MOM was mainly due to natural factors such as plankton respiratory oxygen consumption, organic decomposition oxygen consumption, side-slope sediment oxygen consumption, DO vertical transport, and human factors such as water intake in the thermocline or the lower, artificial oxygenation in epilimnetic and hypolimnetic. The formation of the metalimnetic oxygen maximum is mainly due to biological action of phytoplankton. In terms of research methods: the two types of phenomena are mainly studied through experiments and models. In terms of ecologic impacts: MOM can reduce the predatory efficiency of predators, hinder the vertical migration of aquatic organisms, and change the vertical distribution and release process of greenhouse gases, and metalimnetic oxygen maximum can cause bubble disease and even death in fish and other aquatic animals. Based on the current research progress, it is believed that the application of the three-dimensional hydrodynamic-biochemical coupling mathematical model should be strengthened, and the research should further focus on multi-dimensional (vertical and horizontal) research on DO dynamics of stratified reservoirs and lakes, and explore the impact of climate change, extreme weather, and composite extreme climate events on DO stratification structure.