基于安全格局理论的国土空间规划冲突协调途径

为解决国土空间面临的城市蔓延、乡村空心化、环境退化等系统性问题，国土空间规划需要整合出于各部门利益最大化制定的、时常是相互冲突的规划方案，实现“多规合一”。基于安全格局理论提出协调规划冲突的途径，包括：（1）在认识层面，将国土空间规划视为理性过程，利用最小—最大约束途径制定可辩护的规划方案，通过空间博弈协调对有限土地的竞争、寻求各方均可接受的结果；（2）在操作层面，首先识别作为保障自身目标、协调各方利益依据的安全格局，然后据此对空间用途进行谈判。实践中需要建立协调规划冲突的制度机制，并在多方博弈中优先考虑处于劣势的生态和自然资产，通过建立生态安全格局和生态基础设施提供综合生态系统服务，再造秀美河山。

A conflict coordination approach for territory spatial planning based on security pattern theory

Facing the territorial symptom such as urban sprawl, rural decline, and environmental degradation, territory spatial planning needs to integrate multiple plans that reflect the maximum interests of various stakeholders and usual conflict between them to achieve "Multi-Plan Integration". This paper proposes an approach to coordinate the conflicts between different plans based on security pattern theory. This approach mainly includes: (1) On the epistemology level, territory spatial planning is considered as a rational planning process, in which the generated plans are defensible by adopting the minimax-constraint approach, and the outcomes are acceptable by all stakeholders through the spatial game to coordinate their competitions for limited land. (2) On the methodology level, the first stage is to identify security patterns functioning as the basis for safeguarding the goals of all stakeholders and the coordination etween them, and the second stage is to negotiate on the use of competitive land using these security patterns. In practice, it is essential to establish an institutional mechanism to coordinate planning conflicts. Moreover, for the disadvantageous position of natural and ecological capitals in multi-party games, it is necessary to construct an ecological security pattern and ecological infrastructure to provide comprehensive ecosystem services, which would help to reinvent the good earth.