基于车载平台的济南市道路环境黑碳污染特征研究

为深入了解济南市主城区道路环境黑碳(BC)污染的时空规律，并评估机动车等对BC排放的影响，该研究利用车载平台和微型黑碳仪在济南市主城区开展了为期一个月的道路BC走航观测并分析其时空分布特征. 结果表明:①济南市主城区道路环境BC小时平均浓度为7.29 μg/m3，且昼夜呈双峰特征，双峰分别出现在04:00—08:00和18:00—22:00，该时段处于道路柴油车行驶及人群出行时段. ②源自化石燃料燃烧的BC占比为82.55%，来自生物质燃烧的BC占比为17.45%. ③BC道路环境浓度呈主干道(7.27 μg/m3)>次干道(6.56 μg/m3)的特征，柴油车占比较大的北园高架上的BC平均浓度(7.18 μg/m3)高于汽油车占比较大的经十路(5.64 μg/m3). ④BC浓度峰值多出现在清晨/深夜交叉路口附近，距十字路口5~10 m时观测的BC浓度最高，表明BC浓度除了受车流量影响外，还受到路况、车型、车速、气象条件等因素的影响. 研究显示，相比汽油车，济南市道路环境BC污染的时空分布特征主要受重型柴油车车辆数、出行时间和行驶路段的影响. 

Pollution Characteristics of Black Carbon in Street Canyon of Jinan Based on Vehicle Platform

A vehicle platform and a mini-instrument were used to monitor black carbon on roads in the main urban area of Jinan for a month to better understand the spatiotemporal patterns of black carbon and the impact of factors such as motor vehicle emissions on black carbon. The results showed that: (1) The hourly mean concentration of black carbon was 7.29 μg/m3, and the diurnal variation of black carbon showed two peaks, which appeared at 04:00-08:00 and 18:00-22:00 during rush and traffic jam hours. (2) The percentage of black carbon from fossil fuel combustion and biomass combustion was 82.55% and 17.45%, respectively. (3) The black carbon emission on roads was main roads (7.27 μg/m3) > secondary roads (6.56 μg/m3). The average concentration of black carbon on the North Park Elevated (7.18 μg/m3), where the proportion of diesel vehicles was higher, was higher than the concentration of black carbon on the Jingshi Road (5.64 μg/m3), where the proportion of gasoline vehicles was larger. (4) Black carbon peaks mostly occurred in the early morning and late night near intersections, and the highest concentration of black carbon was observed at 5 to 10 meters from the intersection, indicating that the black carbon concentration was influenced not only by traffic flow, but also by road conditions, vehicle types, vehicle speed and weather conditions. The study showed that the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of road environmental black carbon pollution in Jinan were mainly influenced by the travel time and driving sections of heavy-duty diesel vehicles.