环境规制和产业集聚对能源效率的影响与作用机制：基于空间效应的视角

在中国向高质量发展转型下，探究环境规制、产业集聚对能源效率的作用，对实现“双碳目标”具有重要的现实意义。系统梳理了三者间的作用机制，并基于中国2006—2018年的数据，运用多种“近邻”权重下的空间杜宾模型，检验环境规制、产业集聚以及二者的融合发展对能源效率的溢出效应及其区域差异。研究发现：（1）环境规制和能源效率二者间存在“波特假说”，但这种效应却具有“度”的限制；产业集聚（专业化、多样化）能够有效地助推自身以及与之“相邻”（地理邻近、经济互动）地区能源效率的提升。（2）环境规制对能源效率的作用表现出明显的区域差异，且在中国东、中以及西部三区域间也具有显著的经济地理关联性；产业集聚对能源效率的影响也表现出明显的区域差异，东部来源于多样化集聚，而中西部来源于专业化与多样化集聚。（3）在效应分解方面，无论是全样本还是分区域样本中，环境规制、产业集聚对能源效率的空间溢出效应并不单单是由于地理“相邻”造成的，更多是地区间地理邻近与经济互动协同的结果。（4）环境规制与专业化集聚的融合发展，抑制了专业化带来的正效应，而其与多样化集聚的融合发展对推动能源效率提升具有更强效果。

The influence and mechanism of environmental regulation and industrial agglomeration on energy efficiency: A spatial effects-based perspective

In the transition to high-quality development in China, it is important to investigate the effect of environmental regulation and industrial agglomeration on energy efficiency to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction. Based on the data from 2006 to 2018, the spatial Durbin model with various "near-neighbor" weights is applied to examine the spillover effects of environmental regulation, industrial agglomeration and their integration on energy efficiency and their regional differences. The study finds that there is a "Porter's hypothesis" between environmental regulation and energy efficiency, but this effect is limited by "degree". Industrial agglomeration (specialization and diversification) can effectively contribute to itself and its own effect of environmental regulation on energy efficiency. The role of environmental regulation on energy efficiency shows significant regional differences, and there is also a significant economic-geographic correlation between the eastern, central and western regions of China. The impact of industrial agglomeration on energy efficiency also shows obvious regional differences, with the eastern part from diversified agglomeration, and the central and western parts from specialized and diversified agglomeration. In terms of effect decomposition, the spatial spillover effects of environmental regulation and industrial agglomeration on energy efficiency are not solely due to geographical "proximity", but are more the result of geographical proximity and economic interaction between regions. The integration of environmental regulation and specialized agglomeration suppresses the positive effect of specialization, while its integration with diversified agglomeration has a stronger effect on promoting energy efficiency.