环境信息披露制度改革对绿色全要素生产率的影响测度研究

为评估环境信息披露制度改革的绿色全要素生产率(green total factor productivity, GTFP)增长效应，将夜间灯光数据与省级能源消费量匹配获得地级及以上城市能源投入指标，基于考虑非期望产出的SBM模型与Malmquist-Luenberger指数模型，对1998—2018年我国253个地级及以上城市绿色全要素生产率进行了测度，并运用渐进双重差分模型(渐进DID模型)研究环境信息披露制度改革对绿色全要素生产率的影响效应与作用路径. 结果表明:①环境信息披露制度改革促进全样本的绿色全要素生产率显著提升0.347 1，且国家环境保护重点城市样本显著提升0.460 3. ②机制分析表明，环境信息披露制度改革下，地方政府通过压减“双高”企业促进第三产业发展，进而提高绿色全要素生产率，环境信息披露制度改革提升了城市综合创新强度，但对绿色创新强度影响较弱，环境信息披露制度改革通过促进绿色创新强度提高实现绿色全要素生产率增长的贡献度占综合创新强度的85.2%. ③环境信息披露制度改革促进中部地区和西部地区绿色全要素生产率分别提升0.879 9、1.015 1，东北地区与东部地区能够倒逼财政压力较大城市实现绿色全要素生产率增长效应. ④环境信息披露制度改革推动非沿海地区绿色全要素生产率提高0.901 0，而造成沿海城市降低0.351 1和其他沿海地区降低0.401 0，考虑对外开放水平情形下，试验组中其他沿海地区相对于沿海城市而言，比对照组绿色全要素生产率要低0.123 5. 研究显示，需提升环境信息透明度与监管效能，深度调整产业结构和激励绿色创新，强化东北地区、东部地区中财政压力较小城市的制度改革力度，提高沿海城市外资准入环境门槛，以全面形成环境信息披露制度改革促进绿色全要素生产率增长的倒逼机制. 

Impact Measurement of Environmental Information Disclosure System Reform on Green Total Factor Productivity

In order to evaluate the green total factor productivity (GTFP) growth effect caused by the environmental information disclosure system reform, firstly created the energy input index of prefecture-level cities by matching Night Light Data with provincial energy consumption, and based on the SBM model considering unexpected output and the Malmquist-Luenberger index model, this paper measures the GTFP of 253 prefecture level and above cities in China from 1998 to 2018, and uses the progressive difference-in-difference (DID) model to study the impact effect and action path of the reform of environmental information disclosure system on the GTFP. Empirical results show that: (1) The reform of the environmental information disclosure system significantly improved the GTFP of the whole sample by 0.3471 in general, and the sample of national key environmental protection cities increased significantly by 0.4603. (2) The mechanism analysis shows that environmental information disclosure system reform forces local governments to promote the development of the third industry through reducing ‘twin high’ enterprises which lead to the improvement in GTFP, while the reform could improve the urban comprehensive innovation intensity, but the impact on the intensity of green innovation as small. The reform led to the growth of GTFP by promoting green innovation, which accounted for 85.2% of the comprehensive innovation intensity. (3) The reform promotes the GTFP to increase by 0.8799 and 1.0151 in the central and western regions, respectively. Some cities which are under greater financial pressure in the northeast and eastern regions are also able to achieve the GTFP growth. (4) The reform promotes GTFP in non-coastal areas by 0.9010, and causes decreasing by 0.3511 in coastal cities and 0.4010 in other coastal areas. When considering the level of opening up, the GTFP of other coastal areas in the experimental group is 0.1235 lower than that of the control group. The research shows that it should improve the transparency of environmental information and regulatory effectiveness, deeply adjust the industrial structure and stimulate green innovation, strengthen the institutional reform of cities with less financial pressure in the northeast and eastern regions, and raise the environmental threshold for foreign investment access in coastal cities, in order to comprehensively form a forced mechanism for environmental information disclosure system reform to promote the growth of green total factor productivity.