基于地理设计的智慧国土空间规划框架构建——以县级国土空间总体规划为例

县级规划是中国“五级三类”国土空间规划体系的重要落实单元。面向智慧国土空间规划的要求，借鉴经典地理设计（Geodesign）框架并拓展方法与技术体系研究，构建Geodesign国土空间规划框架，重点对框架下县级国土空间总体规划的编制流程、关键问题、主要任务及方法与技术支撑进行分析。模型是框架的核心。“评价模型”践行“生态文明”理念，开展国土空间生态风险评价；“变化模型”以“智能决策”为目标，融合多目标规划与人工智能算法，衔接指标约束与空间管制；“影响模型”落实“以人为本”理念，提出公众参与规划的思路与方法。Geodesign国土空间规划框架需要传统方法、技术与大数据、互联网、人工智能、决策支持系统等新兴技术的融合与共同支撑。本文拓展了智慧国土空间规划方法论研究，贡献了生态化、智能化、人本化规划理念的实现路径。

A Geodesign framework for smart territory spatial planning: A case study for county-level comprehensive territory spatial planning

County-level planning is an essential component of China's "five-levels, and three-categories" territory spatial planning system. This paper builds a Geodesign framework for county-level comprehensive territory spatial planning based on the smart territory spatial planning ideology and requirements. The framework is established based on the classical Geodesign framework proposed by Carl Steinitz but with supporting methods and techniques supplemented. It mainly focuses on the procedure (steps), key problems, and methods and techniques for county-level comprehensive spatial planning problem-solving. Models are the core of the Geodesign framework. "Evaluation Model", which is constructed based on the "Ecological Civilization" ideology, focuses on regional ecological risk assessment. "Change Model" converts territory spatial planning to a multi-objective optimization problem to support intelligent decision-making, which combines quota limits with spatial management in county-level planning. "Impact Model" provides an approach for public participation in planning based on the "people-oriented" principle. The framework requires the support and combination of classical methods and novel techniques, including big data, internet, artificial intelligence and decision support system technology. The Geodesign framework contributes to methodological research on smart territory spatial planning and provides practical approaches for the planning ideology of "ecological civilization", "people-orientation", and "intelligent decision-making".