区域尺度生态保护红线连通性优化与管控——以长三角为例

生态保护红线存在跨界冲突与破碎化等问题，目前正在不断优化、调整和评估中，但区域尺度连通性优化与管控仍然缺乏。以长三角为例，采用土地利用、道路、居民点和官方发布的生态保护红线等数据，基于最小累积阻力模型与电路理论，提出区域尺度生态保护红线连通性优化与分类分级管控方案，为长三角一体化生态共同保护提供科学依据。结果显示：（1）优化构建了长三角“两横两纵”生态廊道格局，其中包括重要廊道79条，次要廊道111条和“踏脚石”33个；（2）连通性退化风险管控区51个，其中源地边缘防控区27个，联防联控区12个；（3）障碍管控区75个，其中源地边缘防控区36个，联防联控区17个；（4）生态保护红线连通性一级管控区20个，面积为70.35 km²，二级管控区106个，面积为1511.33 km²。生态保护红线源地边缘以及省市行政边界易遭受退化风险和形成连通障碍区，建议在区域尺度上建设生态廊道和“踏脚石”，对连通性退化风险区和障碍区进行联防联控、源地边缘防控和分级防控。

Optimization and management of the connectivity of ecological red lines at regional scale: A case study of Yangtze River Delta

Ecological red lines have cross-border conflicts and fragmentation, so it is constantly being optimized, adjusted and evaluated, but connectivity optimization and control at regional scale are still lacking. Taking the Yangtze River Delta as an example, based on the minimum cumulative resistance model and circuit theory, this paper proposes a region-scale connectivity optimization and control scheme of ecological red lines based on the data of land use, road settlements and officially issued ecological red lines, so as to provide a scientific basis for the integrated ecological protection of the study area. The results show that: (1) The ecological corridor pattern of "two horizontal and two vertical lines" in the Yangtze River Delta has been optimized, including 79 important corridors, 111 secondary corridors and 33 stepping stones; (2) There are 51 connectivity degradation risk control zones, including 12 joint prevention and control zones and 27 prevention and control zones at the edge of the source area; (3) There are 75 obstacle control areas, including 17 joint prevention and control areas and 36 border prevention and control areas of source areas; (4) There are 20 first-level control areas with an area of 70.35 km², and 106 second-level control areas with an area of 1511.33 km². The source and provincial administrative boundaries of the ecological protection red lines are vulnerable to degradation risks and connectivity barriers. Therefore, it is suggested that ecological corridors and stepping stones should be built at the regional scale, and joint prevention and control should be carried out in connectivity degradation risk areas and obstacle areas, as well as at the border of source areas, and graded prevention and control should be carried out in order of importance.