干旱区生态安全问题及其评价原理——以新疆为例

普遍的生态敏感性和整体的生态退化趋势,使干旱区成为社会适应和经济适度极端脆弱区,其生态安全问题的典型性和突出性,为完善区域生态安全评价理论体系提供了理想靶区。根据生态安全评价的一般原理和目标,通过剖析新疆绿洲区生态安全问题的驱动、压力和响应机理,主要利用地带性共扼和非地带性耦合分析方法,从哲学观和生态系统、景观生态、土地类型及其稳定性格局层面,初步构建了干旱区生态安全评价的基本原理,得出确保有效的生态需水和生态水位,协调水生态及水安全功能,是干旱区生态安全评价的基础;基于生态承载和再生恢复禀赋的合理、适度利用优势资源,是绿洲开发的生态安全保障;维护天然绿洲和荒漠的“生态标本”价值,引导土地利用的生态化转向,是绿洲生态安全评价的客观依据;通过系统的生态规划和景观设计,保持异质景观的竞争性统一和生态圈层结构的动态稳定性,是干旱区生态安全评价的核心内容。

The ecological safety and its assessment principle in arid: A case of Xinjiang

s: Which the general eco-sensitivity and trend of entirely eco-degradation make the arid to be the extreme fragile region that is suitable to social adaptation and economic moderation. Its typical and extrude ecological safety provides a ideal target for perfect-ing the theory system of eco-security assessment. Based on the general principle and objective of eco-security assessment,it pre-liminarily construct basic principle of eco-security assessment in arid by anglicizing its driving,pressure and response mechanism of oasis ecological safety in Xinjiang,which mainly using Analytical method of zonality clutch and nozone coupling from the philoso-phy and the side of eco-system,eco-landscape,land type and stability pattern. Drew that: Guaranteeing Effective ecological water requirements and ecological water level,coordinating water ecology and water safety function,that is the base of the eco-security assessment in arid. Reasonably and measurably utilizing advantage resources based on the endowment of eco-loading and recycled recovers that is eco-safeguard for oasis development. Safeguarding "eco-specimens" value of natural oasis and desert,guiding the ecological turning of land utilization,that is the objective basis for eco-security assessment. Keeping the competitive uniform of het-erogeneous landscapes and dynamic stability of ecosphere structure by systematic ecological planning and landscape designing,that is the central contents of the eco-security assessment.