臭氧对几种楠木气体交换参数的影响

为研究不同臭氧处理对刨花楠(Machilus pauhoi)、桢楠(Lindera setchuenensis)、闽楠(Phoebe bournei)、宜昌楠(Phoebe chekiangensis)和红楠(Machilus thunbergii)光合特性的影响,在中国科学院千烟洲生态试验站开展开顶式气室(open-top chambers,OTCs)熏气实验,测定了4种臭氧环境下不同楠木的气体交换参数:净光合速率(net photosynthetic rate,Pn)、气孔导度(stomatal conductance,Cond)、蒸腾速率(transpiration rate,Tr),并对结果进行统计分析.结果表明,臭氧胁迫改变了所有供试植物的Pn、Cond变化趋势,不同楠木表现出不同的反应.臭氧对光合作用的影响随着臭氧浓度、处理时间、季节因素的不同呈现动态变化,且并非只有抑制效果,短期内臭氧暴露甚至可以促进多数实验植物Pn达到峰值,且该值高于对照组,而且低、中浓度的臭氧处理使红楠和宜昌楠的光合作用明显增强;此外臭氧还使Pn峰值时间提前,破坏了Pn和Cond之间的正相关关系;从光合特性角度发现抗性最强的是红楠,其次闽楠,比较敏感的是宜昌楠、刨花楠和桢楠.

Effects of Ozone on Photosynthesis of Several Plants

In order to investigate the effect of ozone on photosynthesis of Machilus pauhoi, Lindera setchuenensis, Phoebe bournei, Phoebe chekiangensis and Machilus thunbergii, the study was carried out in 12 open-top chambers(OTCs) with different levels of ozone in Qianyanzhou experimental station, and net photosynthesis rate(P_n) and stomatal conductance(Cond) were detected. The results indicated that ozone treatments changed the variation trend of photosynthesis of all tested plants, but ozone exposure did not always play an inhibitory role on them. In fact, photosynthesis changed with ozone concentration, experimental period, season and specific species. Exposed to ozone could even promote P_n to a peak in a short term, and the indicator of plants treated with ozone was higher than that of the control at this point. Low and medium concentrations of ozone treatment enhanced P_n of Phoebe bournei and Machilus thunbergii. The peak of treatment group also came earlier because of ozone. Furthermore, the positive correlation between P_n and Cond did not existed under the condition of ozone. Machilus thunbergii had the strongest resistance to ozone, followed by Phoebe bournei, by comparison, Phoebe chekiangensis, Machilus pauhoi and Lindera setchuenensis were more sensitive.