北京市1990—2030年加油站汽油VOCs排放清单

加油站汽油销售量随机动车保有量同步快速增长,并已成为北京市VOCs主要来源之一. 为准确估算加油站VOCs排放,在比较国内外加油站VOCs排放因子的基础上,结合北京市加油站油气治理过程,估算北京市1990—2014年加油站VOCs排放清单,并预测2015—2030年排放清单. 结果表明:①中国、US EPA(美国国家环境保护局)和EEA(欧洲环境署)的加油站VOCs未控制排放因子分别是CARB(美国加州空气资源委员会)排放因子的1.78、1.38和0.85倍；②根据CARB排放因子和北京本地油气治理措施计算得到北京市2003年、2008年和2030年VOCs加权排放因子,分别为2 103、263和80 mg/L,2008年和2030年控制效率分别为2003年的88%和96%；③2003年加油站VOCs排放量达到峰值(5 134 t/a),在北京市实施DB 11/208—2003《加油站油气排放控制和限值》后,2008年VOCs排放量减至1 195 t/a,城六区排放量约占全市的60%；④《北京市2013—2017年清洁空气行动计划》实施后,预测2017年、2022年和2030年的VOCs排放量分别为1 252、976和531 t/a,2030年汽油消费量是1990年的8.8倍,但VOCs排放量仅为1990年的34%. 研究显示,北京市加油站油气回收工作为加油站VOCs减排做出了巨大贡献. 

Emissions Inventory of Gasoline VOCs from Service Stations in Beijing from 1990 to 2030

Abstract: With the increase of motor vehicle population, gasoline sales at service stations has been growing rapidly, and has become one of the most important sources of VOCs emissions in Beijing. Using different VOCs emission factors from China and abroad, a VOCs emissions inventory from the service stations was estimated from 1990 to 2014, and predicted from 2015 to 2030 based on different control processes. The results showed that:1) uncontrolled VOCs emission factors from service stations according to China, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the European Environment Agency were 1.78,1.38 and 0.85 times that of the California Air Resources Board (CARB), respectively. 2) Beijing service stations'' weighted emission factors calculated with CARB emission factors were 2103,3 and 80 mg/L in 2003,8 and 2030, respectively. Compared with 2003, the vapor recovery control efficiencies in 2008 and 2030 were 88% and 96% respectively. 3) VOCs emissions from Beijing''s service stations reached a peak (5134 t/a) in 2003, and decreased to 1195 t/a in 2008 after the implementation of the Beijing standard DB 11/208-2003 Emission controls and limits for gasoline vapor on gasoline filling station in 2003. Gasoline VOCs emissions of the six urban areas accounted for about 60% of total emissions from Beijing. 4) After the implementation of Beijing''s Clean Air Action Plan from 2013-2017, VOCs emissions from Beijing''s service stations in 2017,2 and 2030 were predicted to be 1252,6 and 531 t/a, respectively. Gasoline consumption in 2030 was predicted to be 8.8 times that of 1990, whereas emissions would be only 34% of 1990. Studies have shown that vapor recovery has made a great contribution to reduce VOCs emissions from service stations in Beijing.