南京市灰霾期间颗粒物污染的主要影响源识别

大气颗粒物污染影响范围广,污染种类繁多,污染物形态复杂多变,消除难度较大。随着2014年南京青奥会的日益临近,南京市"蓝天工程"、灰霾污染的控制进入了最关键的阶段。以南京市为例,从宏观微观两方面同时开展研究。在宏观层面上,采用主成分分析、因子分析、相关分析、逐步回归分析等方法,揭示可吸入颗粒物年均浓度、年均降尘量与表征各类影响源变量因素之间的相关关系,并计算贡献率;在微观层面上,采集各影响源尘样,进行相关实验分析得到各影响源特征谱;科学布点采集南京市空气样品,进行相关实验分析得到各点位大气颗粒物样特征谱;采用化学平衡分析法,揭示各粉尘影响源的主要贡献率大小。两方面相结合得到南京市灰霾的主要贡献源为二次扬尘和建筑扬尘,并根据结果提出控制对策。

,Study on Identification of the Main Source of the Particulate Matter Pollution during the Dust Haze Days in Nanjing

It is hard to eliminate particulate matter pollution since it has a wide spread influence, a great variety of types and complex forms. With the approaching of the 2014 Youth Olympic Games, the ＂Blue Sky Project＂ as well as the control of the dust haze pollution has entered to the most crucial phase. We took Nanjing as an example, conducted this study from both the macroscopic and microscopic angle. On the macro level, we used principal component analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis as tools to find the correlativity between the annual concentration of the inhalable particle, annual dust precipitation and the factors represented the affecting sources, and finally calculated the contribution rate. On the micro level, we gathered the dust samples of the affecting sources and the average air samples for the experimental analysis to get the characteristic spectrums.We used chemical balance analysis method to identify the contribution rate of each source. Then, we combined these two aspects to get the result that two dust and construction dust were the main sources of dust haze in Nanjing and put forward the control measures.