HN-AD菌强化3D-RBC处理养猪废水及微生物特性研究

针对现有养猪废水处理工艺中普遍存在的高氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）生物毒性大、工艺流程长、运行成本高和脱氮效果差等问题，采用耐受性强的异养硝化-好氧反硝化（HN-AD）菌挂膜启动三维结构生物转盘（3D-RBC）预处理养猪废水，仅需15d就完成了3D-RBC反应器的快速挂膜.采用调节盘片线速度和C/N的方式，仅65d实现了HN-AD菌在反应器中的富集及养猪废水预处理工艺的启动.采用该工艺对实际养猪废水进行处理，结果表明，HN-AD菌剂挂膜的3D-RBC工艺耐受高氨氮性能强，原水中COD、NH₄⁺-N、TN的去除率高达69.8%、87.9%和79.5%，污染物削减效果明显优于传统工艺.采用高通量测序技术研究了功能菌优势化构建过程中微生物群落结构的变化规律，结果表明，生物膜内具有HN-AD功能的优势菌由盐单胞菌属（Halomonas）、不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）逐渐变为丛毛单胞菌属（Comamonas）、嗜氢菌属（Hydrogenophaga）等，且后者的相对丰度逐渐上升.扫描电子显微镜结果显示，生物膜以丝状菌为骨架，紧密附着在盘片上的生物膜层表面聚集了以杆状和球状为主的微生物，这与生物多样性分析得出的结论较一致.

Study on treatment of raw swine wastewater by enhanced 3D-RBC with HN-AD bacteria and its microbial characteristics

Aiming at the problems of high ammonia nitrogen bio-toxicity, complex process, high cost and poor nitrogen removal in the currently available process for the treatment of raw swine wastewater from intensive livestock farms, a three-dimensional structure rotating biological contactor (3D-RBC) using heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) functional bacteria as the microbial inoculants, was proposed for the treatment of raw swine wastewater. The rapid biofilm culturing in the 3D-RBC reactor was achieved in only 15days by using HN-AD bacteria agent as the microbial inoculants. By controlling linear velocity of the rotating disc and changing the influent C/N, the enrichment of the dominant HN-AD bacteria in the reactor and the start-up of the pretreatment process were completed in 65days. The raw swine wastewater was then treated by this process. Due to the strong tolerance of high ammonia nitrogen of the HN-AD bacteria, the removal efficiency of COD, NH₄⁺-N and TN was 69.8%, 87.9% and 79.5%, respectively, indicating significant reduction of the pollutants in the raw wastewater. The high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the changes of microbial community structure during the superiority construction process of the functional bacteria. The results showed that, the dominant HN-AD bacteria within the biofilm gradually changed from Halomonas and Acinetobacter to Comamonas and Hydrogenophaga, and the relative abundance of which increases obviously. The SEM results further confirmed the enrichment of functional microorganisms, the biofilm uses Filamentous bacteria as the skeleton and the surface of the biofilm layer tightly attached to the filler was enriched in rod-like and globular bacteria, which was in consistent with the results of the biodiversity analysis.