时空与效率视角下汾河流域农业灰水足迹分析

基于《山西省统计年鉴》的相关数据，运用灰水足迹理论对2010年前后（2000~2016年）汾河流域农业灰水足迹及效率进行定性、定量分析.结果表明：汾河流域农业灰水足迹总体呈先上升后下降再缓慢上升的趋势，最高值出现在2004年，为1.30×10¹⁰m³，最小值出现在2012年，为9.20×10⁹m³；农业灰水足迹中以畜牧业灰水足迹为主，但比例在降低；2010年后，汾河流域年均农业灰水足迹同比降低15%，说明汾河水污染得到了明显的改善，但仍应制定相关政策减少污染物的排放；种植业灰水足迹同比增加8%，说明化肥施用量在增加，应支持使用有机肥，减少化肥的使用；文水县农业灰水足迹变化最大，其中畜牧业灰水足迹则同比增加52%，应重点对文水县畜禽粪便进行治理或资源化利用；农业灰水足迹效率呈现先平稳后下降然后极速上升再下降的趋势，2012年最高，为1.32元/m³.较2010年前，2010年后流域年均灰水足迹效率明显提高，农业落后区减少了6个.

Analysis of agricultural grey water footprint in Fenhe River basin based on the perspective of space-time and efficiency

Based on the data of statistical yearbook of Shanxi Province, the gray-water footprint theory was applied to analyzing the agricultural grey water footprint and efficiency of Fenhe River basin around 2010 (2000~2016). The results showed that the agricultural grey water footprint of Fenhe River basin generally increased, and then decreased, finally slowly increased. The maximum value was 1.30×10¹⁰m³ in 2004. The minimum value was 9.20×10⁹m³ in 2012. The agricultural grey water footprint was mainly composed of livestock raising grey water footprint; However, the percentage reduced after 2010. After 2010, the annual average of agricultural grey water footprint reduced 15%, which indicated that the water quality of Fenhe River had been significantly improved. However, relevant policies should be formulated to reduce the emission of pollutants. The crop planting grey water footprint increased 8%, which indicated that the utilization rate of fertilizers was increasing. The government should support the use of organic fertilizers and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. Among these 34 counties, Wenshui showed obvious change with an increasing of 43%, among which livestock grey water footprint increased by 52% year-on-year. Therefore, the government should focus on the treatment and resource utilization of livestock excrements in Wenshui country. The efficiency of agricultural grey water footprint kept stable at first, and then rapid increased, finally decreased; The maximum value was 1.32yuan/m³, appeared at 2012. The annual average of agricultural grey water footprint efficiency obviously enhanced after 2010. The number of backward agriculture areas was decreased by 6.