极端降雨下绿基和灰基联用的雨洪控制效果

以福州大学为例，选取3种绿色基础措施（绿色屋顶、植被浅沟、渗透铺装）与2种灰色基础设施（增大管径、蓄水池）组合，设计了9种雨水系统改造措施方案，并根据3场不同历时极端天气降雨的实测数据，运用暴雨洪水管理模型（SWMM）模拟分析不同雨水系统改造措施方案对径流深、节点和管道的雨洪控制效果.情景模拟结果表明：3场强降雨下，绿色基础措施组合（SS7）在所有用地布局情景中对径流深的控制效果均为最优，其中中长历时强降雨下的削减比最高，达到了78%；在节点控制方面，由于3种绿色基础措施与增大管径组合措施（SS8）具备下渗、滞留和快排等特性，在3场降雨中，对节点的洪流流量和洪流时间的控制效果均为最优，接近100%；在管道控制方面，3种含绿色基础措施的组合方案（SS7，8，9）对管道满流时间与峰值流量发生时间的控制较好.通过对比这3种组合措施方案发现，在短历时强降雨中，3种绿色基础措施与蓄水池组合措施方案下（SS9）管道满流时间最短，峰值流量发生时间最迟；中长历时强降雨中3者差别不大；长历时强降雨中3种绿色基础措施组合下（SS7）管道满流时间最短，峰值流量发生时间最迟.

Urban stormwater and flood control effect of green and grey infrastructures under extreme rainfall conditions

3 universal green infrastructures (green roof, vegetative swale and permeable pavement) and 2 grey infrastructure mitigations (large diameter tube & reservoir) were selected to design 9 types of storm water drainage system modification scenarios in Fuzhou University campus. Under different extreme weather conditions (3 recorded rainfall events with different duration), SWMM model was used to analyze urban stormwater and flood control effect under different simulation scenarios (SS1~SS9). The control effect included runoff depth, node J8 flood flow and flood time, peak time and full flow time in C8 pipeline. The simulations results showed that simulation scenarios including green infrastructure had better control effect. Compared to other simulation scenarios, combinations of green roofs, vegetative swales and continuous permeable pavement systems (SS7) exhibited the best control effect on runoff depth under 3 rainfall events, the reduction ratio under the middle duration rainfall event was the highest, reaching 78%. While combinations of green roofs, vegetative swales, continuous permeable pavement systems and large diameter tubes (SS8, with the characteristics of infiltration, retention and quick drainage) displayed the best control effect on node J8 flood flow and flood time under 3rainfall events, reaching 100%. On the pipe flood control aspect, three combinations including green roofs, vegetative swales, continuous permeable pavement systems (SS7, SS8 and SS9) had a better effect on peak flow and full flow time in C8 pipeline than other simulation scenarios. Combinations of green roofs, vegetative swales, continuous permeable pavement systems and reservoirs (SS9) had the minimum full flow time and latest peak time in the short duration rainfall event. Combinations of green roofs, vegetative swales and continuous permeable pavement systems (SS7) had the minimum full flow time and latest peak time in the long duration rainfall event. Three combinations (SS7, SS8 and SS9) had no distinct differences on pipeline flood control in the middle duration rainfall event.