Persistence of the De-Icing Additive Benzotriazole at an Abandoned Airport |
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Authors: | Gijs D Breedveld Roger Roseth Magnus Sparrevik Thomas Hartnik Lars J Hem |
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Institution: | (1) Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, P.O. Box 3930, Ullevaal Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway;(2) Department of Geology, University of Oslo, Norway (author for correspondence;(3) Norwegian Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Ås, Norway;(4) Aquateam, Oslo, Norway |
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Abstract: | The environmental fate of many of the additives in the deicing agents used at airports is poorly understood. One and two years after deicing activities ceased, soil and groundwater samples were taken at an abandoned airport. Benzotriazole (BT), a corrosion and flame inhibitor, was found in low concentrations in soils along runways (mean 0.33 mg/kg), at a snow disposal site (0.66 mg/kg), as well as in sediments of a drainage ditch (13 mg/kg). Locally, high BT concentrations were found in the groundwater below the deicing pad, the regeneration plant and the snow disposal site (1.2 to 1100 g/l). Methyl substituted triazoles or tolytriazoles (MeBT) were found in concentrations less than 10% of the BT concentration. Propylene glycol was not detected in soil samples and in only one of the groundwater samples. Microtox tests of the water samples revealed no acute toxic response, however a reduction in nitrification rate was observed (14–43%). The nitrification response could not be related directly to the BT concentration in the samples, although samples with a high BT concentration showed the largest reduction in nitrification rate. BT showed very little sorption in various soil matrices, only peat and compost with a high organic carbon content showed significant sorption. Sorption could be best described using a Freundlich isotherm. These results indicate a high mobility and possibly long persistence of BT in soil and groundwater, which may be attributed to the absence of microbial degradation of BT. |
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Keywords: | airport benzotriazole deicer groundwater sorption toxicity |
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