苏中地区农村就业结构转换态势与机制分析

伴随着农村经济社会的巨大变迁，农村劳动力就业结构也发生了深刻变化。江苏苏中地区作为乡镇企业带动型发展的典型地区，其农村就业结构转换的态势在东部沿海地区具有代表性。该地区农村就业结构转换的总体态势是：第一产业就业比重不断降低，第二、三产业就业比重明显上升；农业剩余劳动力转移的主要渠道是第二产业就业；农村就业结构转换，是工业化、区域经济发展及其结构变动综合作用的结果。市场经济环境为农村剩余劳动力转移提供了基础平台，工业化是农村就业结构转换的原动力，城市与农村经济结构调整是农村就业结构转换的直接推动力。产业收入比较利益是促使农业剩余劳动力流动的根本动力。而与之相适应的政策措施是其顺利实现的重要保障。

Analysis of the Situation and Mechanism of Rural Employment Structure Conversion in Central Jiangsu Province

With the enormous changes of rural economy and society, the employment structure along with the rural economic structure has been changed deeply. As a typical area of development driven by township and village enterprises, the situation and mechanism of rural employment structure conversion in central Jiangsu province was typical all over the country. Based on the typical rural investigation and analysis of correlative statistic data, the general trends of this conversion in central Jiangsu province were that the proportion of primary industry employment was decreasing while employment in the second and tertiary industry was increasing, and the second industry was the main transfer approach for surplus agricultural labor force in this area. Along with the conversion of rmal employment structure, human resources for agricultural development in this district have been weakened. The change of rural employment structure could be summarized to the results of industrialization, urbanization, regional economic development and conversion of its economic structure. The environment of market economic affords bases for over plus labor force transfer. Industrialization and urbanization are the original power of rural employment structure conversion. The adjustment of economic structure beth in cities and countryside were direct forces. To promote and ensure the actualization of rural employment structure conversion, it will be necessary to put forward corresponding policies and measures in the future.