定制家具中典型板材VOCs的溯源及排放特征分析

利用1m³的环境舱,探究5种典型定制家具板材在一定条件下的挥发性有机物(VOCs)的组分、浓度水平和排放规律.结果表明,5种板材中共检测出54种目标化合物,主要成分以含氧挥发性有机物(OVOCs)和烷烃为主,OVOCs的占比分别为71.37%~85.77%,烷烃的占比分别为11.79%~24.84%.不同板材的总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)浓度水平差异较大,饰面中纤板的TVOCs浓度高达836.49μg/m³,远高于其他板材,实木生态板的TVOCs浓度最低,为最环保的板材.对5种板材VOCs的排放浓度进行逐时测量,发现甲醛的相对排放浓度比较为:饰面中纤板>防潮板>饰面颗粒板>实木生态板>PVC吸塑板,而TVOCs (除甲醛)的相对排放浓度比较为:饰面颗粒板>饰面中纤板>PVC吸塑板>防潮板>实木生态板.在这5种板材中,甲醛、正己烷和乙酸乙酯等化合物是主要成分,甲醛的浓度贡献占比为40.44%~82.59%.同时,在5种板材VOCs的排放特征基础上,对各类化合物进行了溯源分析,便于从VOCs产生源头对其进行污染控制.

Traceability and emission characteristics analysis of VOCs from typical plates in customized furniture

The composition, concentration and emission law of VOCs from five typical customized furniture plates were explored by using a 1m³ small environmental chamber under certain conditions. The results showed that 54 target compounds were identified from the five plates, and the main components were OVOCs and alkanes, accounted for 71.37%~85.77% and 11.79%~24.84%, respectively. The TVOCs concentration of different plates were quite different. The TVOCs concentration of veneer -medium density fiberboard(MDF) was as high as 836.49μg/m³, which was much higher than other boards, while it was the lowest in solid wood ecological board, which was the most environmentally friendly. The emission concentrations of VOCs from five kinds of boards were measured hourly. It was found that the relative emission concentrations of formaldehyde were as follows: veneer MDF > moisture-proof board > veneer particle board > solid wood ecological board > PVC blister board; the emission concentration of TVOCs (except formaldehyde) was as follows: veneer particle board > veneer MDF > PVC blister board > moisture-proof board > solid wood ecological board. In these five plates, formaldehyde, n-hexane and ethyl acetate were the main substances, and the concentration contribution of formaldehyde accounts for 40.44%~82.59% of TVOC. At the same time, based on VOCs emission characteristics from five kinds of plates, the traceability analysis of various compounds is helpful for the source control of VOCs pollution.