垃圾分类政策对垃圾焚烧大气污染排放的影响

基于江浙沪三省(市)垃圾焚烧发电厂2018~2019年的3种大气污染物逐日排放数据,运用双重差分法,通过比较上海市垃圾分类政策实施前后焚烧废气变化,定量估计了垃圾分类的政策影响并开展了政策效应的稳健性检验.研究发现,实施垃圾分类虽然促进了SO₂旬均排放浓度显著下降1.49mg/m³(降幅13.8%),但也导致NO_x的旬均排放浓度上升5.96mg/m³(增幅4.1%),且NO_x的排放存在明显的”节假日效应”,节假日每增加1d,旬均浓度上升3.32mg/m³.TSP排放浓度未发生显著变化.此外,3种污染物排放浓度变异系数的下降,说明分类后垃圾组分均质性的提高降低了排放波动.基于研究结果从垃圾焚烧排放标准,技术改进和垃圾分类政策制定三方面提供了固废管理的政策建议.

Effects of garbage classification on air pollutant emissions from garbage incineration

Based on the daily air pollutant emissions data from garbage incineration power plants in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai during 2018~2019, difference-in-differences models were employed to quantitatively estimate the impact of Shanghai garbage classification policy on incineration exhaust, and a series of robustness tests were carried out. Although the emission concentration of SO₂ reduced by 1.49mg/m³ (by 13.8%) after the implementation of garbage classification, that of NO_x increased by 5.96mg/m³ (by 4.1%). ”Holiday effect” existed: one more holiday resulted in a 3.32mg/m³ increase in NO_x emission. Classification didn’t not show any significant influence on TSP emission. In addition, the decrease of the variation coefficient of pollutant concentrations indicated that the improvement of the garbage components homogenization reduced the emission fluctuation. Based on the research results, policy suggestions on solid waste management from the aspects of garbage incineration emission standard, technical improvement, and garbage classification formulation were provided.