粤港澳大湾区生态网络构建及廊道优化

以粤港澳大湾区为研究对象,利用MSPA-InVEST模型和连通性评价识别生态源地,进而在构建生态阻力面基础上,运用MCR和重力模型提取潜在生态廊道,并利用产业集聚特征构建规划廊道,提出兼具生态保护和经济发展的生态网络构建方案.结果表明:生态源地共35处,总面积约17165.85km²;基础生态廊道42条,长度2085.34km;源地及廊道存在明显空间分布差异,呈现出"中心空洞型"分布特征;通过增加12个生态-产业战略节点和28条规划廊道,生态网络闭合度、连接度和连通率可提升150%、26.83%和28.57%,生态网络结构向"蜂巢状"转变;结合河流及海岸等天然廊道构建的综合生态网络连接了大湾区288个生态保护区,构成了山体、水体、湿地综合生态保护格局.总体来看,兼顾生态保护和经济发展视角构建的生态网络体系具有一定的适应性,可为粤港澳大湾区生态格局的建设和优化提供参考.

Ecological network construction and corridor optimization in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Taking the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) as the interested area, the MSPA-InVEST model and connectivity evaluation were applied to identify ecological sources, and then on the basis of constructing the ecological resistance surface, the MCR and gravity models were used to extract potential ecological corridors, and the characteristics of industrial agglomeration were considered to construct planned ecological corridors. An ecological network construction scheme that combines ecological protection and economic development was formulated. It is concluded that: There are 35 ecological sources with a total area of about 17165.85km²; 42 basic ecological corridors with a length of 2085.34 km; there are obvious spatial differences between sources and corridors, showing a "central hollowing" spatial pattern; By adding 12 eco-industrial strategic nodes and 28 planned corridors, the closure, connectivity and connectivity rate of the ecological network can be increased by 150%, 26.83% and 28.57%, and the ecological network structure will be transformed into a "cellular" pattern; The comprehensive ecological network constructed by combining natural corridors such as rivers and coasts connects 288 natural reserves in the GBA, forming a comprehensive reservation pattern consisting of mountains, water bodies and wetlands. Overall, the ecological network system constructed from the perspectives of ecological protection and economic development showed good adaptability, which provides a reference for the construction and optimization of the ecological pattern in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.