升金湖自然湿地越冬鹤类生境适宜性变化研究

升金湖湿地位于安徽省长江中下游区域，是鹤类重要的越冬地之一，湿地景观的变化影响越冬鹤类的生境质量。研究湿地内越冬鹤类生境变化地对湿地生态恢复有着重要的研究意义。以升金湖国家级自然保护区为研究对象，利用ERDAS软件将1986年到2015年间8个年份冬季的TM影像数据将景观类型分为8种类型，用FRAGSTATS软件计算出各个年份的景观指标。选取干扰程度、食物丰富度、植被覆盖和水文条件4种因子作为影响越冬鹤类生境的主要因子。建立越冬鹤类生境适宜性评价模型，用ArcGIS生成鹤类生境适宜性评价图。用皮尔逊相关分析研究鹤类数量与生境适宜性的相关性。结果表明：升金湖保护区的景观格局变化明显，湿地斑块数量增加，景观的破碎度程度增加，景观斑块差异在逐渐变小，多样性指数和均匀度指数逐渐变大。越冬鹤类生境适宜性综合指数从0.845下降到0.465，总体的生境明显恶化。越冬鹤类的生境适宜性面积从1986年的 13 577.11 hm2 下降到2015年的 7 424.42 hm2,进而导致越冬鹤类数量在1986年到2015年总体呈下降趋势。鹤类数量与生境适宜性呈正相关。关键词： 生境影响因子；生境适宜性评价模；越冬鹤类；景观格局

Study on the Change of Landscape Pattern on Habitat Environment of Winter Cranes in Shengjin Lake Nature Wetland

Shengjin Lake wetland was located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province.It was one of the important areas for wintering cranes and the changes of wetland landscape influence the habitat quality of wintering cranes.It was of great significance to study the wetland ecological restoration in wetland.With the rise of Shengjin Lake National Nature Reserve as the research object,ERDAS software was used to divide TM image into 8 landscape types in 8 years in winter from 1986 to 2015.The landscape indexes of each year were calculated by using FRAGSTATS software.Disturbance degree,food richness,vegetation cover and hydrological condition,were selected as the main factors affecting wintering habitat of cranes.A habitat suitability index model for wintering cranes was established and the habitat suitability assessment maps for cranes were generated by ARCGIS.The results show that the change of landscape pattern in Shengjin Lake protected area was obvious,the number of wetland patches increased,the fragmentation degree of landscape increased,the landscape patch difference became smaller,and the diversity index and evenness index increased gradually.The habitat suitability index of wintering cranes decreased from 0.845 to 0.465,and the overall habitat deteriorated significantly.The habitat suitability of wintering cranes fell from 13 577.11 hectares in 1986 to 7 424.42 hectares in 2015.From 1986 to 2015,the number of wintering cranes decreased.