基于权重湿润指数的作物湿渍害监测与检验

以有效降水和潜在蒸散为指标构建权重湿润指数(WMI)作为湿渍害判定指标，结合WMI持续偏湿时间和累积强度，确定了湿渍害过程判别和等级划分方法，利用土壤湿度和作物产量资料从湿渍害发生频率、空间分布特征、典型年和典型过程等方面对其适用性进行了应用检验。结果表明：WMI指数与土壤相对湿度具有较高的相关性，且基于WMI和土壤相对湿度判定的湿渍害过程频次接近、空间分布特征一致，基于WMI指数识别出的典型春季湿渍害年对应的小麦、油菜作物产量均有较大幅度减产，基于WMI指数对典型湿渍害过程的监测与降水和土壤湿度的时间分布具有较好的对应关系。WMI指数以常规气象观测资料为基础且所需率定参数少，可逐日滚动计算和大范围应用，适合作为日常业务监测和预警指标。 关键词： 湿渍害；权重湿润指数；土壤湿度；应用检验

Application and Validation of Weighted Moisture Index in Waterlogging Disaster Monitoring

To use the weighted moisture index (WMI) as an indicator of waterlogging,which is based on two sub-indices:the effective precipitation and potential evaportranspiration,combined with the duration and cumulated intensity of WMI during a wet period can identify a waterlogging process and determine the corresponding grade levels.Its application can be tested by comparing the frequency,spatial pattern,typical years and typical processes that identified by soil moisture and crop yield.The findings suggest that WMI is highly relevant to soil relative moisture,that the frequency and spatial pattern of waterlogging processes identified by WMI are consistent with those identified by soil relative moisture,that the years with heavy waterlogging in the spring identified by WMI is collaborated by the largely reduced yields in winter wheat and oilseed rape.In addition,the correlation stands firm between the monitoring on typical water logging processes identified by WMI and precipitation and soil moisture in temporal distribution.Relying on low input requirements,requiring few optimization parameters,employing easy dynamic calculation and participating in a wide range of applications,WMI is suited for operational waterlogging disaster monitoring and early warning.