基于GIS技术的黔中地区人居环境自然适宜性评价

以黔中地区作为研究区，采用GIS与RS技术，选取地形、土地、植被、气候、水文与石漠化等自然因子，以250 m×250 m栅格为基本单元，在评价单因子人居适宜性的基础上，构建人居环境指数(HEI)模型，探讨黔中地区人居环境自然适宜性特征及其空间差异。研究结果表明：(1)黔中地区人居环境指数介于14.16~88.97之间，平均值为50.02，空间分布上从西北向北、东、南，从中山地貌区域向低中山、河谷、槽坝区域递增，地形起伏度是区域人居环境自然适宜性空间分布差异的主要限制因子；(2)整个黔中地区以一般适宜区为主，占黔中地区总面积的31.76%，其次是临界适宜区，占25.16%，然后是比较适宜区23.13%，不适宜区为10.19%，高度适宜区最少，仅占9.76%；(3)最适宜居住区域主要分布在地形起伏度较小，植被覆盖度高，海拔高度适中，且降雨丰富、地表水资源丰富的中东部区域，不适宜区域分布在毕节市境内七星关区、大方县以及织金县等，平均海拔高度在1 700 m以上的区域，其余零星分布在研究区。 关键词： GIS；人居环境；自然适宜性；黔中地区

Nature Suitability Evaluation of Human Settlement Environment Based on GIS Technique in Central Guizhou Province

This paper established a Human Settlement Environment Index (HEI ) evaluation system, which included terrain, land, vegetation, climate, hydrology and stony desertification. A 250 m×250 m grid was taken as basic unit based on the Geographic Information System (GIS ) and Remote Sensing (RS ). The natural suitability characteristics and spatial difference of human settlement environment in Central Guizhou were analyzed using the HEI model. The results showed that: (1) the HEI of Central Guizhou ranged from 14.16 to 88.97 with the average value of 50.02. The natural suitability increased from northwest to north, east, south and from middle mountain area to low mountain, river valley and slot-dam region. Relief amplitude was the main restriction to spatial distribution of natural suitability; (2) The moderate suitable area was 17 080.38 km2, accounting for 31.76％ of the total area. The low suitable area, comparatively suitable area, unsuitable area and optimum suitable area accounted for 25.16％, 23.13％, 10.19％ and 9.76％, respectively; (3) The optimum suitable residential areas were mainly distributed in the central-eastern region of low relief amplitude, high vegetation coverage, moderate altitude, abundant rainfall, and rich surface water resources, while the unsuitable areas were located in Qixingguan district, Dafang county and Zhijin county of Bijie city, where the average altitude was more than 1700 m, the rest was distributed sporadically in the study area.