长春市土壤微生物生化作用与重金属化学形态关系研究

研究了长春市土壤微生物的生化作用强度（氨化作用强度、固氮作用强度,纤维素分解强度和土壤基础呼吸）与重金属（Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn和Ni）化学形态的关系。通过科学采样和实验室测试分析了不同功能区土壤中,重金属含量和化学形态与微生物生化作用强度,并使用相关分析、偏相关分析多种数据统计方法进行数据处理。结果表明：各功能区因土地利用方式的差别和土壤中重金属的各种化学形态对土壤微生物生化作用强度有不同的影响。其中氨化作用与交换态Cd、Zn和Ni含量呈显著正相关;固氮作用与土壤重金属各化学形态相关性均不显著;呼吸作用与铁锰氧化物结合态Pd和交换态Cu呈显著正相关;纤维素分解作用强度与交换态Pd含量呈显著负相关。在土壤理化性质等相关变量受控时,重金属化学形态对微生物生化作用强度的影响有较明显的变化。其中与无控制变量相比,在控制变量作用下,纤维素分解作用强度受交换态Pd影响上升了0.0314,表现为交换态Pd抑制纤维素分解作用强度。呼吸作用与交换态Pd的相关系数在无控制因素情况下为-0.1425,在有控制因素情况下为-0.3230,表明交换态Pd促进呼吸作用强度。而有机结合态Ni表现为抑制固氮作用。因此可利用交换态Pd与纤维素分解作用强度、呼吸作用强度的相互关系,有机结合态Ni与固氮作用的相互关系等相结合来评价城市土壤重金属污染状况。文章为评价长春城市土壤重金属污染提供了微生物学指标的理论依据。

Study on the relationship between chemical forms of some heavy metals and the biochemical action intensities microorganisms in Changchun city

This paper focuses on the relationship between chemical speciation of some heavy metals（Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn and Ni）and the biochemical reaction of microorganisms（intensity of ammonification,nitrogen fixation strength,strength of cellulose decomposition and soil basal respiration）in Changchun city by sample collection,laboratory analysis,as well as multiple statistical methods such as correlation analysis,partial correlation analysis.The experimental data shows that the biochemical reaction intensities vary according to different functional areas and chemical speciation of these heavy metals.In the correlation coefficients,ammonification is significantly correlated with the contents of exchangeable Cd,Zn and Ni;nitrogen fixation and the chemical speciation of these heavy metals have poor correlation;respiration is significantly correlated with Fe,Mn oxides and exchangeable Cu,Pd;cellulose decomposition intensity and exchangeable Pd content shows significant negative correlation.Biochemical reactions of microorganisms are significantly influenced by chemical forms of heavy metals when the Soil properties of physical chemistry and other related variables are controlled.There is a raise of 0.031 4 for cellulose decomposition with factors controlled comparing with non-controlled.It shows that exchangeable Pd inhibited the performance of cellulose decomposition.The correlation coefficient of respiration and exchangeable Pd was-0.142 5 without controlling factor,-0.323 0 in the case of controlled factors which indicates that exchangeable Pd accelerates respiration intensity and the organic phase of Ni inhibits the nitrogen fixation.It is practicable to evaluate urban heavy metal pollution by the relationship between exchangeable Pb and cellulose decomposition strength and respiration;organic bound Ni and nitrogen fixation.This paper provides the theoretical proofs of microbiological indicator for evaluating Changchun city urban soil heavy metal pollution.