使用HAZOP分析法对重大事故进行调查分析

重大事故不仅对当事人造成伤害,对其家庭、国家及社会都要蒙受相当大的损失。故选用合理、有效的系统安全分析方法,对事故致因进行调查分析在事故处理过程中具有关键作用。笔者介绍一种系统安全分析方法,称为危险与可操作分析(HazardandOperabilityStudy,简称HAZOP),该法在其他先进国家已采用多年,但在国内却很少使用。应用HAZOP法对某化工厂失控反应事故进行系统安全分析,研究的侧重点是工艺过程和操作步骤的各种具体数值,它的基本过程就是以引导词为引导,对过程中工艺状态的变化(偏差)加以确定,找出装置及过程中存在的危害。引导词的主要目的之一是能够使所有相关偏差的工艺参数得到评价。HAZOP分析法具有系统性、结构性、创造性和前瞻性的优点,在系统安全分析中具有特别优势,值得推广应用。

Investigation of Severe Accidents by Hazard and Operability Study

An attempt is made to find a systematic safety analysis method for investigating severe accidents causing serious damage for the workers, their family and the society, k is crucial to find the fundamental causation of the accident, and its effective countermeasures to prevent similar accident in the future. A system safety analysis method, hazard and operability study is introduced. This method has been used in other countries for many years, but rarely used in China. Through the investigation of a chemical accident, the method is proved to be more systematic, constructive and creative than other methods and worthy to be promoted as well.