事故树分析方法在建筑物火灾人员伤亡中的应用

笔者在分析建筑物火灾发生并引起人员伤亡的基础之上,通过系统安全工程的事故树分析方法,综合考虑事故发生的全面过程,建立了建筑物火灾引起人员伤亡的事故树图,从最小割集、最小径集、结构重要度三方面,阐述了导致建筑物火灾引起人员伤亡的主要原因,从各因素的主次性方面着重对事故底部事件进行排序分级以及比较分析,找出了事故预防的关键途径。实例分析表明,事故树分析方法能对导致建筑物火灾引起人员伤害事故的各种因素及逻辑关系做出全面的阐述,并为建筑物火灾的预防以及最大限度地减少人员伤亡,提供了切实可信的参考依据。

Application of Fault Tree Analysis in Casualty of Building Fire

By analyzing the occurrence of building fire and casualty resulted, the fault tree analysis chart of casualty resulted in building fire is established using the fault tree analysis of system safety engineering considering the all-round course of the occurrence of the fire. The major causation of the casualty in building fire is described by minimum cut set,minimum caliber assemblages and the importance of structure. The key route of accident prevention is found by assaying and comparing the sequence of factors with the emphasis on basement events gradation. Analysis on real case shows that the method of fault tree analysis could explain each factor causing casualty in the building fire logically,and provide feasible referable criteria for preventing the building fire and reduction of casualty to a minimum.