“十一五”约束性污染控制的企业减排效应

依托2006年“十一五”约束性污染控制政策的实施,基于中国工业企业数据与企业污染排放数据的匹配数据库,探究总量控制与约束性的环境规制政策实施对企业减排的影响效果及其作用机制。研究发现:约束性污染控制政策实施后,受规制强度较高的企业SO₂和COD的污染排放量分别下降了12.8%、12.1%,该效应经过一系列稳健性检验依然显著;机制分析发现,约束性污染控制实施后,SO₂组样本的洁净能源消费量上升0.12%、技术效率提升53.56%,COD组样本洁净能源消费量上升0.14%、技术效率提升56.60%,企业通过能源消费结构的转变和技术效率的提升实现减排。异质性分析发现,国有企业和非国有企业、大规模企业和小规模企业、重污染行业企业和非重污染行业企业以及东西部地区企业在减排效果上均存在显著差异。企业到地理边界的距离与企业污染排放量存在着局部负相关关系。

Enterprises emission reduction effect of the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" obligatory pollution control

Relying on the implementation of the "Eleventh Five-Year" obligatory pollution control in 2006, based on the matching database of Chinese industrial enterprise data and enterprise pollution emission data, this paper analyzed the effect and mechanism of the implementation of total control and obligatory environmental regulation policy on enterprise emission reduction. Results suggested that the pollution emissions of SO₂ and COD of enterprises with high regulatory intensity decreased by 12.8% and 12.1% respectively after the implementation of obligatory pollution control, and the effect remained significant after a series of robustness tests. Mechanism analysis showed that after the implementation of obligatory pollution control, clean energy consumptions and technical efficiency of SO₂ group increased by 0.12% and 53.56% respectively; while for COD group, clean energy consumptions and technical efficiency increased by 0.14% and 56.60% respectively. Emissions of enterprises indeed decreased via the the change of energy consumption structure and the improvement of technical efficiency. Heterogeneity analysis showed that there were significant differences in emission reduction effects between state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises, large-scale enterprises and small-scale enterprises, heavy pollution industry enterprises and non-heavy pollution industry enterprises, as well as enterprises in the eastern and western regions. There was a local negative correlation between enterprises' distance to geographical boundary and the enterprises pollution emissions.