海南岛臭氧污染时空变化及敏感性特征

基于环境空气质量数据、气象观测数据和卫星遥感资料,研究了2015~2020年海南岛臭氧（O₃）污染的时空分布、变化趋势、O₃生成敏感性及其与气象因子的关系.结果表明,海南岛O₃-8h （日最大8 h滑动平均值）表现为西部和北部偏高,中部、东部和南部偏低的分布特征,2015年O₃-8h浓度最高,2019年O₃-8h浓度超标占比最大.O₃-8h浓度与平均气温（P<0.1）、日照时数（P<0.01）、太阳总辐射（P<0.01）、大气压和平均风速呈正相关关系,与降雨量（P<0.05）和相对湿度呈负相关关系.卫星遥感数据显示,2015~2020年海南岛对流层NO₂柱浓度（NO₂-OMI）和HCHO柱浓度（HCHO-OMI）呈相反的变化趋势,2020年NO₂-OMI较2015年上升了7.74%,HCHO-OMI下降了10.2%.海南岛属于NO_x控制区,近6年FNR值（O₃生成敏感性）呈波动式地下降趋势,其趋势系数和气候倾向率分别为-0.514和-0.123 a^-1.气象因子与海南岛FNR值有较好的相关关系.

Spatial and Temporal Variations in Ozone Pollution and Sensitivity Characteristics in Hainan Island

Based on ambient air quality data, meteorological observation data, and satellite remote sensing data, the temporal and spatial variations in ozone (O₃) pollution, the sensitivity of O₃, and its relationship with meteorological factors in Hainan Island were analyzed in this study. The results showed that the maximum daily 8-h moving mean (O₃-8h) in western and northern cities in Hainan Island was higher than that in the central, eastern, and southern cities. O₃-8h was the highest in 2015, and O₃-8h exceeding the standard proportion was the largest in 2019. In addition, O₃-8h was positively correlated with average temperature (P<0.1), sunshine duration (P<0.01), total solar radiation (P<0.01), atmospheric pressure, and average wind speed and was negatively correlated with precipitation (P<0.05) and relative humidity. The satellite remote sensing data showed that the tropospheric NO₂ column concentration (NO₂-OMI) and HCHO column concentration (HCHO-OMI) displayed opposite trends in Hainan Island from 2015 to 2020. Compared with those in 2015, NO₂-OMI increased by 7.74% and HCHO-OMI decreased by 10.2% in 2020. Moreover, Hainan Island belongs to the NO_x control area, and the FNR value exhibited a fluctuating downward trend in the past 6 years, with a trend coefficient and climatic trend rate of -0.514 and -0.123 a^-1, respectively. A strong correlation was observed between meteorological factors and the FNR value of Hainan Island.