基于PMF-PCA/APCS与PERI的菏泽油用牡丹种植区表层土壤重金属潜在来源识别及生态风险评估

研究特色农产品产区土壤重金属来源及其潜在风险，对科学管理、安全利用土壤和作物资源具有重要意义.以菏泽油用牡丹种植区为研究对象，采集并测定了254件表层土壤样品As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn等8种重金属的含量.采用多元统计法分析了重金属的含量特征及相关性，利用地累积指数（I_geo）、正定矩阵因子分解法（PMF）和主成分分析/绝对主成分分数法（PCA/APCS）相结合的手段解析了表层土壤中重金属的来源，借助潜在生态风险指数（PERI）对该8种重金属的生态风险进行了评估.结果表明，土壤中除Cd元素的平均值高于菏泽市背景值1.44倍之外，其余7种重金属的平均含量均与菏泽市土壤元素背景值基本一致；经相关分析和聚类分析，土壤中Pb、Hg和Cd元素受后期人为活动的干扰影响较大；研究区8种重金属的来源为自然源、农业化肥源、工业燃煤源和生活交通源，贡献率分别为81.31%、15.45%、2.74%和0.50%；研究区84.25%的点位处于轻微生态风险，而中度风险和强风险点位占比分别为14.96%和0.79%，其中Cd和Hg是研究区生态风险主导元素.

Potential Source Identification and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Soil of Heze Oil Peony Planting Area Based on PMF-PCA/APCS and PERI

To study the sources and potential risks of heavy metals in soils of characteristic agricultural product producing areas is of great significance for the scientific management and safe utilization of soil and crop resources. The contents of heavy metals As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the 254 surface soil samples collected from the Heze oil peony planting area were determined. The content characteristics and correlation of heavy metals were analyzed using multivariate statistical methods. The sources of heavy metals in topsoil were analyzed using I_geo, PMF, and PCA/APCS. The ecological risks of the eight heavy metals were assessed through the potential ecological risk index (PERI). The results showed that the average contents of seven heavy metals in the soil were basically consistent with the background values of soil elements in Heze City, except that the average value of Cd was 1.44 times higher than the background value in Heze City. Correlation analysis and cluster analysis revealed that Pb, Hg, and Cd elements in the soil were greatly affected by human activities in the later period. The sources of eight heavy metals in the study area were natural sources, agricultural fertilizer sources, industrial coal sources, and domestic transportation sources, with the contribution rates of 81.31%, 15.45%, 2.74%, and 0.50%, respectively; 84.25% of the sites in the study area were at slight ecological risk, whereas the moderate risk and strong risk sites accounted for 14.96% and 0.79%, respectively. Among them, Cd and Hg were the dominant elements of ecological risk in the study area.