微咸水膜下滴灌对白僵土盐碱地水盐特性及油葵生长的影响

为了解滴灌条件下不同微咸水矿化度及覆膜与否对盐碱地土壤水盐特性及油葵生长的影响,在宁夏平罗西大滩盐碱地进行不同灌水矿化度(0.2、1、2、3 g/L)膜下滴灌田间试验.结果表明,地膜覆盖比不覆盖处理土壤含水量高约2%,盐分表聚减缓,油葵株高、产量及其构成均高于不覆膜处理,产量最高增幅达82.5%;不同矿化度微咸水之间比较发现,利用矿化度为1 g/L的微咸水进行灌溉时,下层土壤含水量较高,微咸水滴灌不但没有为上层土壤带去过多盐分,反而由于土壤有一定的渗透性能,灌水将土壤上层盐分逐渐淋洗至下层.膜下滴灌微咸水矿化度为1 g/L时,油葵产量最大.因此在适宜条件、合理措施下,微咸水覆膜滴灌技术可以促进作物生长,确保作物产量,在淡水缺乏而微咸水较为丰富的盐碱地地区应积极推广利用.

Effects of Mulch-drip Irrigation with Saline Water on Water and Salt Characteristics of Baijiang Saline-alkali Soil and Growth of Oil Sunflower

In order to investigate the effects of mulch-drip irrigation with saline water on water and salt characteristics of Baijiang saline-alkali soil and the growth of oil sunflower,field experiments of mulch-drip irrigation under different water mineralization degrees(0.2,1,2,3 g/L) were conducted in Xidatan,Pingluo,Ningxia,China.The results showed that compared with uncovered,mulching increased water content about 2% and eased the salt accumulation toward the top layers.Mulching also increased the plant height,yield and its components,and the highest yield enhancement was 82.5%.Compared between the different water mineralization degrees,it was found that when irrigation water mineralization degree was 1 g/L,the water content of under layers was higher than that of the top layers.Because of the soil permeability mulch-drip irrigation with saline water could leach the salt from the top layers to the under layers gradually,instead of taking excessive salt into the soil.The highest yield was obtained when the irrigation water mineralization degree was 1 g/L.Therefore,under suitable conditions and reasonable measures,the technique of mulch-drip irrigation with saline water,which could promote crop growth and ensure the crop yield,should be popularized and utilized actively.