1995—2020年青海省雷电灾害时空分布及其灾害特征分析

利用1995—2020年青海省雷电灾害资料，研究该区域雷电灾害时空分布特征。结果表明：1995—2006年青海省雷电灾害呈增加趋势；2007—2015年青海省雷电灾害呈下降趋势；2016—2020年青海省雷电灾害呈平稳略有上升趋势。青海省雷电灾害空间分布呈，东多西少、南多北少分布特征，其中，雷灾密集区位于西宁市辖区、大通县、河南县、湟中县和互助县区域。1995—2020年，雷电灾害造成青海省人员伤亡282人，平均11人/a,同时对办公设备，广电、电力系统、通讯系统和住宅等方面也造成了损失，其经济损失达1 247.12万元，平均47.97万元/a。

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Patterns of Lightning Hazard and its Characteristics of Qinghai Province

Based on the data of lightning disasters in Qinghai Province from 1995 to 2020,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of lightning disasters in this region are studied.The results show that the lightning disasters in Qinghai Province increased from 1995 to 2006.From 2007 to 2015,the lightning disasters in Qinghai Province showed a decreasing trend.From 2016 to 2020,the lightning disasters in Qinghai Province showed a steady and slightly increasing trend.The spatial distribution of lightning disasters in Qinghai Province is characterized by more in the east and less in the west and more in the south and less in the north.Among them,the lightning disaster intensive areas are located in Xining City,Datong County,Henan County,Huangzhong County and Huzhu County.From 1995 to 2020,lightning disaster caused 282 casualties in Qinghai Province,with an average of 11 people per year.Meanwhile,it also caused losses to office equipment,radio and television,electric power system,communication system and housing,with an economic loss of 12.4712 million yuan,with an average of 479700 yuan per year.Based on the study of the characteristics and laws of the temporal and spatial distribution of lightning disaster in Qinghai Province,it is of great guiding significance to grasp and defend the lightning disaster.