单双号限行对郊区道路机动车尾气排放的控制效果研究

北京大型活动期间的道路车流量控制是缓解交通拥堵和削减尾气排放的重要手段。郊区道路的车型构成和行驶工况与城市道路有显著差别,研究车辆限行对郊区道路机动车尾气排放的影响是空气质量保障方案制定、控制效果评估和进行空气质量预测预报的基础。以中国人民抗日战争胜利纪念日阅兵期间郊区道路车流信息为基础,采取排放强度计算、路边污染物浓度监测和逆模式法相结合,研究了车辆限行对郊区道路机动车尾气排放的影响。结果显示:郊区道路限行期间国道、省道和县道车流量降比分别为21%、29%和24%,货运车辆降比大于客运车辆,车辆行驶速度上升;CO、NO_x、HC和PM的减排比国道分别为41%、46%、48%和76%,省道分别为43%、31%、45%和47%,县道分别为33%、27%、34%和43%。路边的NO_x浓度监测结果显示,限行期间NO_x浓度下降47%;根据现场的NO_x浓度监测数据以及气象参数,应用逆模式法计算NO_x排放强度,结果显示限行期间NO_x排放强度下降37%。

Effect of odd-even traffic restriction on exhaust emission of suburban highway

Road traffic volume control is an important means to relieve traffic congestion and reduce vehicle exhaust emissions during major events in Beijing. There are significant differences in vehicle type proportion and driving cycle between suburban highway and city roads. The impact of traffic volume restriction on vehicle exhaust emissions for suburban highway is the basis of air quality protection program development, air pollution control measures evaluation and air quality projection and forecast. Based on the suburban highway traffic volume information during and after Chin's Victory Day Parade period in 2105, the emissions intensity computing, roadside pollutant concentration monitoring and inverse model methods were applied to study the effect of traffic volume restriction on vehicle exhaust emissions. The results showed that the traffic volume of national roads, provincial roads and county roads decreased by 21%, 29% and 24%, respectively, during the traffic restriction period. The freight vehicles had a larger decline than the passenger ones, while the vehicle speed increased correspondingly. The emissions intensity of CO, NOx, HC and PM for national roads decreased by 41%, 46%, 48% and 76%, for provincial roads decreased by 43%, 31%, 45% and 47%, and for county roads decreased by 33%, 27%, 34% and 43%, respectively. Roadside monitoring results showed that the concentration of NOx fell by 47 %, and the inverse model method results showed that NOx emissions intensity decreased by 37% during the traffic restriction period.